| 词条 | Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (governor) |
| 释义 |
|name = Archduchess Maria Anna |image =Maria Anna of Austria Piaristenkeller Wien.jpg |caption= Portrait by Johann Gottfried Auerbach |spouse = Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine |house= Habsburg |father=Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor |mother=Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel |birth_date={{birth date|df=yes|1718|9|18}} |birth_place= Hofburg Palace, Vienna, Austria |death_date= {{death date and age|df=yes|1744|12|16|1718|9|18}} |death_place= Brussels, Austrian Netherlands (now Belgium) |burial_place= Imperial Crypt, Vienna, Austria |religion = Roman Catholicism }} Archduchess Maria Anna Eleanor Wilhelmina Josepha of Austria (18 September 1718 in Vienna – 16 December 1744 in Brussels) was a member of the House of Habsburg who governed the Austrian Netherlands in the name of her elder sister, Empress Maria Theresa. LifeMaria Anna was born at the Hofburg Imperial Palace in Vienna. Her birth was not well received by her father. She and her sister Maria Theresa were the only children of Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, and Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel to survive into adulthood. The two sisters were raised in the Kaiserhof in Vienna. During her youth she met her future brother in law, Francis Stephen of Lorraine and his younger brother Charles Alexander of Lorraine. The two princes were staying in Austria having a good education; their mother Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans was in France. In 1725, negotiations with the Queen of Spain, Elisabeth Farnese had Maria Anna as a possible wife of Philip, Duke of Parma, who was just five. This match was supposed to smooth over relations with Spain. An alliance of Spain and Austria was signed on 30 April 1725 and thus guaranteed the Pragmatic Sanction of the Habsburgs [allowing Maria Theresa right of her father's lands being his eldest daughter], which was first declared in 1713. Based on the terms of the treaty, the Austrian Empire relinquished all claims to the Spanish throne. It also agreed that Spain would invade Gibraltar with the help of the Austrians. Despite this, the Anglo-Spanish War stopped the ambitions of Elisabeth of Parma and with the signing of the Treaty of Seville (9 November 1729) saw the abandonment of the Austro-Spanish marriage plans. She fell in love with Charles Alexander of Lorraine, the younger brother of Maria Theresa's husband, Francis Stephen. There was considerable resistance to their marriage, not least the wish of her father for a politically more important son-in-law. Maria Anna's husband-to-be was a half-second-cousin-once-removed, being a third generation descendant of Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor, through two of Ferdinand III's children, Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor and his half-sister Eleonora Maria of Austria. Governor of the Austrian NetherlandsIt was only after their father's death that Elizabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel gave the approval for the marriage, which was concluded in St Augustine's Church (Augustinerkirche) in Vienna on 7 January 1744. The marriage was recognised by Letters Patent signed on 8 January. Weeks after the marriage, the couple were appointed governors of the Austrian Netherlands in succession of their aunt Archduchess Maria Elisabeth of Austria, who had died in 1741. The couple left Vienna on 3 February and arrived in Westwezel, a town in the Austrian Netherlands, on 24 March where they were met by Karl Ferdinand von Königsegg-Erps. Karl Ferdinand was a member of the Supreme council of the Netherlands and had to receive Prince Charles and Maria Anna due to etiquette. Their arrival was greeted with much celebration. A ceremony had been organised for their arrival; this included a Te Deum and a collection of balls and banquets. The couple only had two months of time together in the Netherlands, as Charles had to leave to participate in the war against Prussia, while Maria Anna, pregnant with their first child, remained in Brussels. Charles left officially on 4 May. While alone in Brussels, Maria Anna was assisted in governing by the Austrian statesman Count Wenzel Anton Kaunitz-Rietberg. DeathOn December 16, 1744, Maria Anna went into labour and gave birth to a stillborn child; she never recovered and died on 16 December 1744 due to the difficult childbirth. Both were buried in the Imperial Crypt in Vienna. Charles Alexander never remarried. Charles would remain the Governor until his death in 1780. He was a very popular governor and died in Brussels like his wife. Ancestry{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |ref=[3] |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria |2= 2. Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor |3= 3. Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick |4= 4. Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor |5= 5. Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg |6= 6. Louis Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel |7= 7. Princess Christine Louise of Oettingen-Oettingen |8= 8. Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor |9= 9. Maria Anna of Austria |10= 10. Philip William, Elector Palatine |11= 11. Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt |12= 12. Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel |13= 13. Elisabeth Juliana of Holstein-Norburg |14= 14. Albert Ernest I, Prince of Oettingen-Oettingen |15= 15. Christine Friederike of Württemberg |16= 16. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor |17= 17. Maria Anna of Bavaria |18= 18. Philip III of Spain |19= 19. Margaret of Austria |20= 20. Wolfgang William, Count Palatine of Neuburg |21= 21. Magdalene of Bavaria |22= 22. George II, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt |23= 23. Sophia Eleonore of Saxony |24= 24. Augustus II, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel |25= 25. Dorothea of Anhalt-Zerbst |26= 26. Frederick, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Norburg |27= 27. Eleanor of Anhalt-Zerbst |28= 28. Joachim Ernest, Count of Oettingen-Oettingen |29= 29. Anna Dorothea of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein |30= 30. Eberhard III, Duke of Württemberg |31= 31. Anna Katherina of Salm-Kyrburg }} References1. ^Iby, Elfriede: Maria Theresa, Biography of a Monarch Schönbrunn Palace 2009 {{ISBN|3-901568-57-3}}, p. 11. {{S-start}}{{s-off}}{{Succession box|2. ^Levy, Allison Mary: Widowhood and visual culture in early modern Europe, Issue 7630 Ashgate Publishing Ltd. 2003 {{ISBN|0-7546-0731-3}}, p. 122. 3. ^{{cite book|title=Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans| trans-title=Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AINPAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA3|year=1768|publisher=Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel|location=Bourdeaux|language=fr|page=3}} before=Friedrich August von Harrach-Rohrau||alongside=Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine| years=1744| after=Charles Alexander of Lorraine| title=Governor of the Austrian Netherlands| }}{{S-end}}{{House of Habsburg after Ferdinand II}}{{Austrian archduchesses}}{{Authority control}}{{Use British English|date=September 2010}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Maria Anna of Austria, Archduchess}} 12 : 1718 births|1744 deaths|Deaths in childbirth|People from Vienna|18th-century House of Habsburg|Governors of the Habsburg Netherlands|Austrian princesses|Dames of the Order of the Starry Cross|House of Lorraine|Burials at the Imperial Crypt|18th-century women rulers|Austrian people of the War of the Austrian Succession |
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