| 词条 | Archduchess Maria Maddalena of Austria |
| 释义 |
|consort=yes | name = Maria Maddalena of Austria | full name=Maria Magdalena | succession=Grand Duchess consort of Tuscany | image = Frans Pourbus d. J. 004.jpg | reign = {{nowrap|17 February 1609 – 28 February 1621}} | spouse = Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany | issue = Ferdinando II, Grand Duke of Tuscany Cardinal Gian Carlo Margherita, Duchess of Parma Mattias, Governor of Siena Prince Francesco Anna, Archduchess of Austria Leopold, Governor of Siena | house = Habsburg | birth_date = {{Birth date|1589|10|07|df=y}} | birth_place = Graz, Austria | death_date = {{Death date and age|1631|11|01|1589|10|07|df=y}} | death_place = Passau, Holy Roman Empire | father = Charles II, Archduke of Austria | mother = Maria Anna of Bavaria }} Maria Maddalena of Austria (Maria Magdalena; 7 October 1589 – 1 November 1631) was Grand Duchess of Tuscany from the accession of her husband, Cosimo II, in 1609 until his death in 1621. With him, she had eight children, including a duchess of Parma, a grand duke of Tuscany, and an archduchess of Further Austria. Born in Graz, she was the youngest daughter of Charles II, Archduke of Inner Austria, and his wife Maria Anna of Bavaria. During the minority of her son, Grand Duke Ferdinando, she and her mother-in-law acted as regents from 1621 to 1628. She died on 1 November 1631 in Passau. MarriageIn 1608, Maria Maddalena was married to Cosimo de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany. Cosimo's father, Grand Duke Ferdinando I of Tuscany, arranged the marriage in order to assuage Spain's (where Maria Maddalena's sister was the incumbent queen) animosity towards Tuscany, which had been inflamed due to a string of Franco-Tuscan marriages.[1] RegencyShe and Cosimo enjoyed a contented marriage. Together they had eight children. Cosimo II died in 1621, leaving their ten-year-old son Ferdinando as grand duke. Maria Maddalena and her mother-in-law, Christina of Lorraine, acted as regents until the boy came of age. Their collective regency is known as the Turtici. Maria Maddalena's temperament was analogous to Christina's. Together, they aligned Tuscany with the Papacy; re-doubled the Tuscan clergy; and allowed the trial of Galileo Galilei to occur.[2] Upon the death of the last Duke of Urbino, instead of claiming the duchy for Ferdinando, who was married to the Duke's granddaughter, and heiress, Vittoria della Rovere, they permitted it to be annexed by Pope Urban VIII. In 1626, they banned any Tuscan subject from being educated outside the Grand Duchy, a law later resurrected by Maria Maddalena's grandson, Cosimo III.[3] Harold Acton ascribes the decline of Tuscany to their regency.[3] The Dowager Grand Duchesses sent Ferdinando on a tour of Europe in 1627.[4] The Grand Duchess died aged 42 after a visit to her brother Leopold in Innsbruck on the way back to Passau, Germany. Her son had been in power for a year. Issue
Ancestors{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. Maria Maddalena of Austria |2= 2. Charles II of Austria |3= 3. Maria Anna of Bavaria |4= 4. Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor[6] (=14) |5= 5. Anna of Bohemia and Hungary[6] (=15) |6= 6. Albert V, Duke of Bavaria[7] |7= 7. Anna of Austria[7] |8= 8. Philip I of Castile[8][9] (= 28) |9= 9. Joanna of Castile[9] (= 29) |10= 10. Vladislas II of Bohemia and Hungary[10] (= 30) |11= 11. Anna of Foix-Candale[10] (= 31) |12= 12. William IV, Duke of Bavaria[11] |13= 13. Marie of Baden-Sponheim[11] |14= 14. Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor[12] (= 4) |15= 15. Anna of Bohemia and Hungary[12] (= 5) |16= 16. Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor[13] |17= 17. Mary of Burgundy[13] |18= 18. Ferdinand II of Aragon[14] |19= 19. Isabella I of Castile[14] |20= 20. Casimir IV Jagiellon[15] |21= 21. Elisabeth of Austria[15] |22= 22. Gaston de Foix, Count of Candale[16] |23= 23. Catherine of Foix[16] |24= 24. Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria[17] |25= 25. Kunigunde of Austria[17] |26= 26. Philip I, Margrave of Baden[18] |27= 27. Elisabeth of the Palatinate[18] |28= 28. Philip I of Castile (= 8) |29= 29. Joanna of Castile (= 9) |30= 30. Vladislas II of Bohemia and Hungary (= 10) |31= 31. Anna of Foix-Candale (= 11) }} Citations1. ^Hale, p 151 2. ^Acton, p 111 3. ^1 Acton, p 192 4. ^Strathern, p 375 5. ^Medici Archive 6. ^1 {{BLKO|wstitle=Habsburg, Karl II. von Steiermark|volume=6 |page=352}} 7. ^1 {{BLKO|wstitle=Habsburg, Maria von Bayern |volume=7 |page=20}} 8. ^{{Britannica|204416|Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor}} 9. ^1 {{Britannica|107009|Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor}} 10. ^1 {{NDB|1|299||Anna Jagjello|Obermayer-Marnach, Eva|133664473}} 11. ^1 {{NDB|1|158|160|Albrecht V.|Goetz, Walter|118647571}} 12. ^1 {{BLKO|wstitle=Habsburg, Anna von Oesterreich (1528–1587) |volume=6 |page=151}} 13. ^1 {{Britannica|455996|Philip I, King of Castile}} 14. ^1 {{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Joanna |volume=15}} 15. ^1 {{Britannica|97968|Casimir IV, King of Poland}} 16. ^1 {{cite book |title=Revue de l'Agenais |volume=4 |publisher=Société des sciences, lettres et arts d'Agen |year=1877 |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k33857g/f499.image |page=497 |language=fr}} 17. ^1 {{cite ADB|42|705|717|Wilhelm IV.|Riezler, Sigmund Ritter von|ADB:Wilhelm IV. (Herzog von Bayern)}} 18. ^1 {{NDB|20|372||Philipp I.|Brüning, Rainer|119548763}} Bibliography
10 : 17th-century House of Habsburg|Grand Princesses of Tuscany|Regents of Tuscany|House of Medici|1589 births|1631 deaths|17th-century German people|Grand Duchesses of Tuscany|17th-century women rulers|Burials at the Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence |
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