| 词条 | Architecture of Rajasthan | ||||||||
| 释义 |
Māru-Gurjara architecture (Rajasthani architecture) originated in the sixth century in and around areas of the state of Rajasthan in India during Gurjara Pratihara Empire. EtymologyThe name Maru Gurjara has its genesis in the fact that during ancient times, Rajasthan and Gujarat had similarities in ethentic, cultural and political aspects of the society. Ancient name of Rajasthan was Marudesh while Gujarat was called Gurjaratra. "Maru Gurjara art" literally means "art of Rajasthan".[1] DevelopmentMāru-Gurjara Architecture show the deep understanding of structures and refined skills of Rajasthani craftmen of bygone era. Māru-Gurjara Architecture has two prominent styles Maha-Maru and Maru-Gurjara. According to M. A. Dhaky, Maha-Maru style developed primarily in Marudesa, Sapadalaksha, Surasena and parts of Uparamala whereas Maru-Gurjara originated in Medapata, Gurjaradesa-Arbuda, Gurjaradesa-Anarta and some areas of Gujarat.[2] Scholars such as George Michell, M.A. Dhaky, Michael W. Meister and U.S. Moorti believe that Māru-Gurjara Temple Architecture is entirely Western Indian architecture and is quite different from the North Indian Temple architecture.[3] There is a connecting link between Māru-Gurjara Architecture and Hoysala Temple Architecture. In both of these styles architecture is treated sculpturally.[4]Styles of Rajasthani architecture include:
Architecture in Rajasthan represents many different types of buildings, which may broadly be classed either as secular or religious. The secular buildings are of various scales. They include towns, villages, wells, gardens, houses, and palaces. All these kinds of buildings were meant for public and civic purposes. The forts are also included in secular buildings, though they were also used for defense and military purposes. The typology of the buildings of religious nature consists of three different kinds: temples, mosques, and tombs. The typology of the buildings of secular nature is more varied. HistoryMedieval periodThe Dilwara Jain Temples of Mount Abu built between the 11th and 13th centuries CE are the best examples of Jain Architecture in Rajasthan. The Hill Forts of Rajasthan (Amer, Chittor, Gagron, Jaisalmer, Kumbhalgarh, Ranthambore), a group of six forts built by various Rajput kingdoms and principalities during the medieval period are the best examples of Rajput Architecture. The ensemble is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Other forts include the Mehrangarh Fort and Jaigarh Fort. Modern periodThe walled city of Jaipur was formed in 1727 by Jai Singh II. Subsequently, the City Palace, Hawa Mahal, Rambagh Palace, Jal Mahal and Albert Hall Museum were also built. The rulers of the princely states of Rajasthan continued the tradition of building elaborate palaces, such as the Lalgarh Palace in Bikaner, Monsoon Palace in Udaipur, and Umaid Bhawan Palace in Jodhpur. Post-Independence{{Empty section|date=February 2019}}GalleryReferences1. ^Vasishtha, Rādhākrishṇa (1995). [https://books.google.com/books?id=kmcLLEBmPHwC Art and artists of Rajasthan: a study on the art & artists of Mewar with reference to western Indian school of painting]. p. 22. 2. ^The sculpture of early medieval Rajasthan By Cynthia Packert Atherton 3. ^Beginnings of Medieval Idiom c. A.D. 900-1000 by George Michell 4. ^The legacy of G.S. Ghurye: a centennial festschrift By Govind Sadashiv Ghurye, A. R. Momin,p-205 Further reading
External links{{Architecture of India}}{{Rajasthan}}{{-}} 4 : Rajasthani architecture|Indian architectural styles|Rajasthani culture|Indian architecture by state or union territory |
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