| 词条 | Ard na Caithne | ||||
| 释义 |
|name = Ard na Caithne |other_name = Smerwick |settlement_type = Town |image_skyline = |image_caption = |pushpin_map = Ireland |pushpin_label_position = right |pushpin_map_caption = Location in Ireland |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = Ireland |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = Munster |subdivision_type3 = County |subdivision_name3 = County Kerry |established_title = |established_date = |unit_pref = Metric |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = |population_as_of = |population_footnotes = |population_total = |population_density_km2 = auto |timezone1 = WET |utc_offset1 = +0 |timezone1_DST = IST (WEST) |utc_offset1_DST = -1 |coordinates = {{coord|52.188141|-10.420532|dim:100000_region:IE|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = |blank_name = Irish Grid Reference |blank_info = {{iem4ibx|Q347072}} }} Ard na Caithne ({{IPA-ga|ˈaːɾˠd̪ˠ nˠə ˈkanʲə}}), meaning height of the arbutus or strawberry tree, formerly known as Smerwick in English, in the heart of the Kerry Gaeltacht, is one of the principal bays of Corca Dhuibhne. It is nestled at the foot of An Triúr Deirfiúr and Cnoc Bhréanainn, which at {{convert|952|m}} is the highest mountain in the Brandon group. Bounded by the villages of Baile an Fheirtéaraigh, Baile na nGall and Ard na Caithne itself, the area is what has been known as the Fíor-Ghaeltacht, or true Gaeltacht, in recent decades. Ard na Caithne (old anglicised form Ardnaconnia) was also known in Irish as Iorras Tuaiscirt ("north peninsula") and Gall-Iorras ("peninsula of the strangers"). Early Christian historyArd na Caithne has a significant place in both the history of south-west Munster and Ireland. The early Christian Gallarus Oratory and Mainistir Riaisc monastic site nearby are central archeological and tourist attractions.{{cn|date=September 2015}} Desmond Rebellions - Dún an Óir{{moresources|section|date=September 2015}}The Holy See had pronounced in 1570 in the papal bull Regnans in Excelsis that Elizabeth was not Ireland's legitimate queen, but had not formally declared war on her. James Fitzmaurice Fitzgerald landed a small invasion force in July 1579, funded by the Holy See, initiating the second Desmond rebellion, but was killed a month later. On 10 September 1580, a force of Italian- and Spanish-origin soldiers, combined with both Irish and English forces numbering over 600, all commanded by Sebastiano di San Giuseppi, landed to support the rebellion carrying a banner blessed by the Pope{{huh|date=April 2019}} bearing the coat of arms of Fitzmaurice and occupied Dún an Óir ('Fort of the Gold'), an Iron age Promontory fort located near the harbour. The force was accompanied by Dr Nicholas Sanders, a Jesuit theologian bearing the respect and backing of many of the Catholic kings and princes of Europe; none of whom were however formally at war with the Kingdom of Ireland. This precipitated the Siege of Smerwick, which culminated with their surrender to English and Irish Royal Army forces under the command of The 14th Baron Grey de Wilton, Lord Deputy of Ireland. Excepting officers, they were all executed immediately after the surrender was complete[1], probably on the orders of Lord Grey de Wilton. The killing was later brought against Raleigh as one of the charges at his trial; he avoided conviction by pleading that he had to obey the orders of his superior officer.[2] Ard na Caithne HarbourThe harbour where Fitzmaurice's invasion force landed was also the landfall of the returning transatlantic expedition of Sir Martin Frobisher in 1578.[3] Piaras Feiritéar{{Cleanup-gallery|date=August 2016}}In the nearby Caisleán an Fheirtéaraigh lived the famous 17th-century poet and Hiberno-Norman lord Piaras Feiritéar. Feiritéar's life was anything but uninteresting and in both his poetry and actions he won enormous support and honour from his community. He was executed at the hands of the Cromwellians in Killarney in 1653, following the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland, for his part in the Irish Rebellion of 1641. His death was known in the region, and he remains a folk hero in the local community today.{{Citation needed|date=September 2011}} See also
References1. ^{{cite journal|last1=Palmer|first1=William|title=Early Modern Irish Exceptionalism Revisited|journal=Historian|date=March 2017|volume=79|issue=1|pages=9–31|doi=10.1111/hisn.12419|url=http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=1&sid=88287e7a-b972-4f0f-9b8d-def6274c83b8%40sessionmgr103&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#AN=121503036&db=a9h|accessdate=10 July 2017|postscript={{subscription needed|via=[https://www.ebsco.com EBSCO]'s Academic Serch Complete}}}} 2. ^Desmond Rebellions - Dún an Óir, libraryireland.com; accessed 28 September 2015. 3. ^Discovery of Martin Frobisher's Baffin Island "ore" in Ireland, nrcresearchpress.com; accessed 28 September 2015. External links
1 : Bays of County Kerry |
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