| 词条 | Aristolochia rotunda | |||||
| 释义 |
|name = Smearwort |image = Aristolochia rotunda.jpg |genus = Aristolochia |species = rotunda |authority = L. }} Aristolochia rotunda, commonly known as smearwort or round-leaved birthwort, is a herbaceous perennial plant native to Southern Europe. EtymologyThe genus name Aristolochia derives from the Greek words αριστος (aristos) meaning "the best" and 'lochéia' meaning ' childbirth', for the old use in promoting uterine contractions. The Latin name of the species rotunda refers to the rounded shape of the leaves. Botanical descriptionReproductionThe flowers of Aristolochia rotunda are hermaphrodite are pollinated by midges and other small insects (entomophily), attracted by the smell and by purple-brown color of the flowers. The small hairs inside the cup prevent the flies from coming out and flying away. After the pollination these hairs sag and allow them to escape. This species is the only host plant of the caterpillars of a beautiful uncommon butterfly (Zerynthia polyxena). Eating the leaves of the plant the larvae this insect ingest aristolochic acid that make them poisonous to birds. DistributionThis plant is common in Mediterranean countries. It is rarely naturalized in the British Isles. HabitatThese plants occur along the banks of canals, edges of ditches and fields, sides of roads, meadows, slopes and forests. They prefer chalky soils and moist, shady areas, at an altitude of {{convert|0|-|800|m}} above sea level. Chemical constituentsA. rotunda contains aristolochic acids which are carcinogenic, mutagenic, and nephrotoxic.[1]Subspecies
GalleryReferences1. ^{{cite document | url = http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol100A/mono100A-23.pdf | title = Plants Containing Aristolochic Acid | publisher = International Agency for Research on Cancer}} Additional references
External links
3 : Aristolochia|Medicinal plants of Europe|Plants described in 1753 |
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