| 词条 | Arkady Raikin |
| 释义 |
|name = Arkady Raikin |image = Russia stamp 2001 № 712.jpg |imagesize = |caption = Raikin on a 2001 stamp of Russia |birth_name = Arkady Isaakovich Raikin |birth_date = {{OldStyleDate|24 October|1911|11 October}}[1] |birth_place = Riga, Governorate of Livonia, Russian Empire[1] |death_date = {{death date and age|1987|12|17|1911|10|24|df=yes}}[1] |death_place = Moscow, Soviet Union |resting_place = Novodevichy Cemetery, Moscow |medium = Stand-up, theater, radio, television, film |nationality = Soviet Jew |active = 1930s–1980s |genre = Observational comedy, improvisational comedy, satire, musical comedy | signature = Signature of Arkady Raikin.png }} Arkady Isaakovich Raikin ({{lang-ru|Аркадий Исаакович Райкин}}; {{OldStyleDate|24 October|1911|11 October}} – 17 December 1987) was a Soviet stand-up comedian, theater and film actor, and stage director. He led the school of Soviet and Russian humorists for about half a century. BiographyRaikin was born into a Jewish family in Riga, in the Governorate of Livonia of the Russian Empire (present-day Latvia).[2] He graduated from the Leningrad Theatrical Technicum in 1935 and worked in both state theatres and variety shows. In 1939, he founded his own theatre in Leningrad,[1] where he used skits and impersonations to ridicule the inefficiency of Communist bureaucracy and the Soviet way of life. In the Stalinist police state this was prone to danger, as it was not uncommon to get purged not only for telling a casual joke, but even for not reporting it to the authorities. He also appeared in several comedies during and after the Great Patriotic War. Raikin created an array of popular satirical characters, some of which were featured in the TV serial People and Mannequins. He launched careers of several other prominent stand-up comedians, such as Mikhail Zhvanetsky and Roman Kartsev. Raikin is often compared with Charlie Chaplin. His fame in the Soviet Union, and throughout Central and Eastern Europe, was such that he was invited to participate in the opening night of BBC Two television in 1964, although the broadcast had to be postponed for one day due to a power failure. His trip to London for the BBC broadcast—during which he was reunited with his British cousin, distinguished pianist Bruno Raikin—marked the first of only two times when the Soviet government permitted him to perform in the West. Arkady Raikin also maintained good working relationships with Marcel Marceau and some other foreign actors. Three years before his death, Raikin finally moved to Moscow, where he opened the Satyricon Theatre, now run by his son Konstantin Raikin, also an acclaimed actor. His wife, Roma, played a major role in guiding his career, and his daughter, Ekaterina, also had a successful career as a Moscow actress. For a month during the summer of 1987, Raikin hosted his American cousin, Washington D.C. attorney Steven Raikin, as a guest in his Moscow flat.[3] In September 1987 the Soviet Ministry of Culture finally permitted Raikin to visit the United States, where, with his son and daughter, he gave emotional farewell performances in several cities to adoring audiences of Russian émigrés.[3][4] AwardsRaikin was awarded the title of People's Artist of the USSR in 1968, the Lenin Prize in 1980, and the Hero of Socialist Labour award in 1981.[1] A minor planet 4518 Raikin discovered on 1 April 1976, is named after him. Filmography
References1. ^1 2 3 4 [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Arkady-Isaakovich-Raikin Arkady Isaakovich Raikin]. Encyclopaedia Britannica 2. ^Charny, Vitaly. "Arkady Raikin, 1911–1987". JewishGen. December 2004. Retrieved 27 October 2009. 3. ^1 Elizabeth Kastor (5 September 1987) "Love & Glasnost; An East-West Romance With Comic Relief." Washington Post. p. C1. 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://russiapedia.rt.com/prominent-russians/cinema-and-theater/arkady-raikin/|title=Arkady Raikin – Russiapedia Cinema and theater Prominent Russians|website=russiapedia.rt.com|accessdate=4 May 2018}} 5. ^{{Ru icon}} РАЙКИН Аркадий Исаакович (akter.kulichki.net) External links{{commons category|Arkady Raikin}}
11 : 1911 births|1987 deaths|People from Riga|People from the Governorate of Livonia|Latvian Jews|Soviet male actors|Jewish comedians|Heroes of Socialist Labour|People's Artists of the USSR|Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery|Parodists |
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