“ARPABET”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

ARPABET has been used in several speech synthesizers, including Computalker for the S-100 system, SAM for the Commodore 64, SAY for the Amiga, TextAssist for the PC and Speakeasy from Intelligent Artefacts which used the Votrax SC-01 speech synthesiser IC. It is also used in the CMU Pronouncing Dictionary. A revised version of ARPABET is used in the TIMIT corpus.^[1]^[2]

Symbols

Stress is indicated by a digit immediately following a vowel. Auxiliary symbols are identical in 1- and 2-letter codes. In 2-letter notation, segments are separated by a space.

Vowels^[3]

ARPABET

IPA

Example(s)

1-letter

2-letter

ɑ}}

balm, bot

æ}}

bat

ʌ}}

butt

ɔ}}

story

aʊ}}

bout

ə}}

comma

AXR^[4]

ɚ}}

letter

aɪ}}

bite

ɛ}}

bet

ɝ}}

bird

eɪ}}

bait

ɪ}}

bit

ɨ}}

roses, rabbit

i}}

beat

oʊ}}

boat

ɔɪ}}

boy

ʊ}}

book

u}}

boot

UX^[4]

ʉ}}

dude

Consonants^[3]

ARPABET

IPA

Example

1-letter

2-letter

b}}

buy

tʃ}}

China

d}}

die

ð}}

thy

ɾ}}

butter

l̩}}

bottle

m̩}}

rhythm

n̩}}

button

f}}

fight

ɡ}}

guy

HH or H^[4]

h}}

high

dʒ}}

jive

k}}

kite

l}}

lie

m}}

n}}

nigh

NX or NG^[4]

ŋ}}

sing

NX^[4]

ɾ̃}}

winner

p}}

pie

ʔ}}

uh-oh

ɹ}}

rye

s}}

sigh

ʃ}}

shy

t}}

tie

θ}}

thigh

v}}

vie

w}}

wise

ʍ}}

why

j}}

yacht

z}}

zoo

ʒ}}

pleasure

Stress and auxiliary symbols^[3]

Description

No stress

Primary stress

Secondary stress

3...

Tertiary and further stress

Silence

Non-speech segment

Morpheme boundary

Word boundary

Utterance boundary

Tone group boundary

:1 or .

Falling or declining juncture

:2 or ?

Rising or internal juncture

:3 or .

Fall-rise or non-terminal juncture

TIMIT

In TIMIT, the following symbols are used in addition to the ones listed above:^[2]^[5]

Symbol

IPA

Example

Description

AX-H

ə̥}}

suspect

Devoiced {{IPA|/ə/}}

BCL

b̚}}

obtain

{{IPA|[b]}} closure

DCL

d̚}}

width

{{IPA|[d]}} closure

ENG

ŋ̍}}

Washington

Syllabic {{IPA|[ŋ]}}

GCL

ɡ̚}}

dogtooth

{{IPA|[ɡ]}} closure

ɦ}}

ahead

Voiced {{IPA|/h/}}

KCL

k̚}}

doctor

{{IPA|[k]}} closure

PCL

p̚}}

{{IPA|[p]}} closure

TCL

t̚}}

catnip

{{IPA|[t]}} closure

PAU

Pause

EPI

Epenthetic silence

Begin/end marker

See also

References

1. ^¹{{cite web|last=Klautau|first=Aldebaro||year=2001|url=http://www.laps.ufpa.br/aldebaro/papers/ak_arpabet01.pdf|title=ARPABET and the TIMIT alphabet|access-date=September 8, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603180727/http://www.laps.ufpa.br/aldebaro/papers/ak_arpabet01.pdf|archive-date=June 3, 2016}}
2. ^¹{{cite book|last1=Lopes|first1=Carla|last2=Perdigão|first2=Ferdinando|year=2011|chapter=Phone Recognition on the TIMIT Database|editor-last=Ipsic|editor-first=Ivo|title=Speech Technologies|publisher=InTech|isbn=978-953-307-996-7|chapter-url=http://www.intechopen.com/books/speech-technologies/phoneme-recognition-on-the-timit-database}}
3. ^¹²{{cite journal|last=Rice|first=Lloyd|date=April 1976|title=Hardware & software for speech synthesis|journal=Dr. Dobb's Journal of Computer Calisthenics & Orthodontia|volume=1|issue=4|pages=6–8|url=https://archive.org/stream/dr_dobbs_journal_vol_01#page/n93}}
4. ^¹²³⁴{{cite book|last1=Jurafsky|first1=Daniel|last2=Martin|first2=James H.|year=2000|title=Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to Natural Language Processing, Computational Linguistics, and Speech Recognition|publisher=Prentice Hall|pages=94–5|isbn=0-1309-5069-6}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/docs/LDC93S1/PHONCODE.TXT|title=Table of all the phonemic and phonetic symbols used in the TIMIT lexicon|publisher=Linguistic Data Consortium|date=October 12, 1990|access-date=September 8, 2017}}

Symbols

TIMIT

See also

References

External links