“Arrernte people”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Arrernte people

释义

Arrernte languages and dialects
Country
Sub-divisions
See also
Notes
Citations
Sources
External links

The Arrernte {{IPAc-en|@|r|V|n|d|@}} people, sometimes referred to as the Aranda, Arunta, or Arrarnta are an Aboriginal Australian people who live in the Arrernte lands, at Mparntwe{{sfn|Brooks|1991}}{{sfn|Short|2013|p=196}} (Alice Springs){{efn|Earlier the town was also referred to as Tjoritja, the word for the MacDonnell Ranges, and also frequently as Kapmanta (etymologically, kaputa(head) plus manta (thick), because it struck Arrernte visitor as so many packed corrugated roofs together ('head' as in househead/roof) ('In neuerer Zeit wird Alice Springs häufig Kapmanta genannt:kap ist eine Abkürzing von kaputa {{=}} Kopf und manta {{=}} dicht.) Kapmanta heißt wörtlich: dichter Kopf. Gemeint sind:dichte Dächer (Dach {{=}} des Hauses Kopf) weil hier die Eingeboreren zuerst mit Wellblech gedeckte Dächer gesehen haben'.{{sfn|Strehlow|1907|p=42, n.7}}}} and surrounding areas of the Central Australia region of the Northern Territory. Some Aranda live in other areas far from their homeland, including the major Australian cities and overseas.

Aranda mythology and spirituality focuses on the landscape and the Dreamtime. Altjira is the creator being of the Inapertwa that became all living creatures. Tjurunga are objects of religious significance.

The Arrernte Council is the representative and administrative body for the Aranda Lands and is part of the Central Land Council.

Tourism is important to the economy of Alice Springs and surrounding communities.{{sfn|Ryan|Deane|Cunningham|2008|pp=286–288}}{{efn|The Aranda way of life is presented through tour guides and storytellers speaking of the life, their artwork, their culture and language in a variety of different ways. Tours are run regularly to Hermannsburg and Wallace Rockhole, both of which are (Western) Aranda,{{sfn|AAA&CC}} so as to learn more about the Aranda way of life, from their artwork to their culture and language.}}

Arrernte languages and dialects

The ancestors of the Aranda all spoke one or more of the Arrernte group of languages/dialects (see below). "Aranda" is a simplified, Australian English approximation of the traditional pronunciation of the name of Arrernte {{IPA-aus|ˈarəɳ͡ɖa |}}.{{sfn|Turpin|2004}}

Aranda people speak the following Arrernte dialects/languages:

Alyawarra (Alyawarr)
Anmatjirra (Anmatyerr)
Antekerrepenhe
Ayerrerenge
Eastern dialect,Ikngerripenhe
Central Aranda, or Mparntwe Arrernte.
Lower Aranda, known as Alenjerntarpe.. This dialect was spoken by the people around the Finke River area, and is now extinct. The last speaker was Brownie Doolan, from whom Gavan Breen managed to write up a dictionary of roughly 1000 words.{{sfn|Kearney|2007}}
Southern Aranda|Southern Aranda dialect, Pertame.
Western Aranda, Tyuretye Arrernte,/Arrernte Alturlerenj.{{sfn|Dixon|2002|p=xxxix}}{{efn|In Western Aranda lands the preferred spelling for their language is 'Arrarnta' or 'Aranda'.{{sfn|Kenny|2013|p=xvii}}}}{{efn|'The Arandic group whose culture Carl Strehlow documented in great detail identify themselves today as Western Aranda or Arrarnta. They call themselves sometimes Tyurretyerenye, meaning 'belonging to Tyurretye', and refer to their Arandic dialect as Western or Tyurretye Arrernte.' '{{sfn|Kenny|2013|p=6}}}}

The Aranda had a highly developed sign language.{{sfn|Kendon|1988|pp=49–50}}

Country

The Arrernte's traditional lands, according to Norman Tindale's estimate, encompassed some {{convert|47,000|mi2|km2}}.{{sfn|Tindale|1974|pp=220–221}} Of their overall territory he writes that they were:-

At Mount Gosse, Mount Zeil, and Mount Heughlin; on the Finke River to Idracowra, Blood Creek, Macumba, Mount Dare, and Andado, and some distance east into the sandhills of the Arunta (Simpson) Desert; northeast to Intea on the lower Hale River, thence north to Ilbala on Plenty River; west to Inilja and Hart Range, Mount Swan, Gillen Creek, Connor Well, and Narwietooma; in Central MacDonnell, James, and Ooraminna Ranges.{{sfn|Tindale|1974|pp=220–221}}

Sub-divisions

The name Aranda refers to the following distinct groups (or "mobs"):

Central Aranda, from the township of Alice Springs only.
Eastern Aranda, from the Aranda lands east of Alice Springs.
Western Aranda, from the Aranda lands west of Alice Springs, out to Mutitjulu and King's Canyon.

Notes

Citations

Sources

{{cite web| title = Aboriginal Art Culture and Tourism Australia

| publisher = Aboriginal Australia Art & Culture Centre
| url = http://aboriginalart.com.au/culture/arrernte.html
| access-date = 23 March 2013
| ref = {{harvid|AAA&CC}}
}}

{{Cite web| title = AIATSIS map of Indigenous Australia

| publisher = AIATSIS
| url = https://aiatsis.gov.au/explore/articles/aiatsis-map-indigenous-australia
| ref = {{harvid|AIATSIS}}
}}

{{Cite book| title = A Town Like Mparntwe: A Guide to the Dreaming Tracks and Sites of Alice Springs

| last = Brooks | first = David
| year = 1991
| publisher = Jukurrpa Books
| isbn = 978-1-864-65045-7
| ref = harv
}}

{{cite book| title = Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development

| last = Dixon | first = R. M. W.
| author-link = Robert M. W. Dixon
| year = 2002
| publisher = Cambridge University Press
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=MSqIBNJtG0AC&pg=PR39
| isbn = 978-0-521-47378-1
| ref = harv
}}

{{Cite news| title = Another language faces sunset in dead centre

| last = Kearney | first = Simon
| publisher = The Australian, Swarthmore College
| url = http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/dharris2/pdfs/australian-2007-09-20.pdf
| format = PDF
| date = 20 September 2007
| ref = harv
}}

{{Cite book| title = Sign Languages of Aboriginal Australia: Cultural, Semiotic and Communicative Perspectives

| last = Kendon | first = Adam
| year = 1988
| publisher = Cambridge University Press
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=YonNUqqnIRkC&pg=PA49
| isbn = 978-0-521-36008-1
| ref = harv
}}

{{Cite book| title = The Aranda's Pepa: An introduction to Carl Strehlow's Masterpiece Die Aranda- und Loritja-Stämme in Zentral-Australien (1907-1920)

| last = Kenny | first = Anna
| year = 2013
| publisher = Australian National University
| isbn = 978-1-921-53677-9 | jstor = j.ctt5hgz6k.10
| ref = harv
}}

{{Cite book| chapter = 'Less was hidden among these children': Géza Roheim, Anthropology and the Politics of Aboriginal Childhood

| last = Morton | first = John
| year = 2013
| title = Growing Up In Central Australia: New Anthropological Studies of Aboriginal Childhood and Adolescence
| editor-last = Eickelkamp | editor-first = Ute
| publisher = Berghahn Books
| pages = 15–48
| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=FXRFAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15
| isbn = 978-1-782-38127-3
| ref = harv
}}

{{cite book| chapter = Australian Indigenous Art: Local Dreamings, Global Consumption

| last1 = Ryan | first1 = Mark David
| last2 = Deane | first2 = Michael
| last3 = Cunningham | first3 = Stuart
| year = 2008
| title = Cultures and Globalization: The Cultural Economy
| editor1-last = Anheier | editor1-first = Helmut K.
| editor2-last = Isar | editor2-first = Yudhishthir Raj
| publisher = SAGE
| pages = 284–291
| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=dlt9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA287
| isbn = 978-1-473-90357-9
| ref = harv
}}

{{Cite book| title = Globalization, Modernity and the City

| last = Short | first = John Rennie
| year = 2013
| publisher = Routledge
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=JIyoAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA196
| isbn = 978-1-136-67151-7
| ref = harv
}}

{{Cite book| title = Die Aranda- und Loritja-Stämme in Zentral-Australien: Part 1 Mythen, Sagen und Märchen des Aranda –Stammes

| last = Strehlow | first = C.
| author-link = Carl Strehlow
| year = 1907
| editor-last = Leonhardi | editor-first = Moritz von | editor-link = Moritz von Leonhardi
| publisher = Joseph Baer & Co
| url = https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/2440/61643/3/Die%20Aranda_Issue%201.pdf
| format = PDF
| ref = harv
}}

{{Cite book| title = Die Aranda- und Loritja-Stämme in Zentral-Australien: Part 2. Mythen, Sagen und Märchen des Loritja–Stämmes

| last = Strehlow | first = C.
| author-link = Carl Strehlow
| year = 1908
| editor-last = Leonhardi | editor-first = Moritz von | editor-link = Moritz von Leonhardi
| publisher = Joseph Baer & Co
| url = https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/2440/61643/4/Die%20Aranda_Issue%202.pdf
| format = PDF
| ref = harv
}}

{{Cite book| title = Die Aranda- und Loritja-Stämme in Zentral-Australien Part 3

| last = Strehlow | first = C.
| author-link = Carl Strehlow
| year = 1910
| editor-last = Leonhardi | editor-first = Moritz von | editor-link = Moritz von Leonhardi
| publisher = Joseph Baer & Co
| url = https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/2440/61643/9/Die%20Aranda_Issue%203.pdf
| format = PDF
| ref = harv
}}

{{Cite book| title = Die Aranda- und Loritja-Stämme in Zentral-Australien Part 4: Abteilung

| last = Strehlow | first = C.
| author-link = Carl Strehlow
| year = 1913a
| publisher = Joseph Baer & Co
| url = https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/2440/61643/6/Die%20Aranda_Issue%204.pdf
| format = PDF
| ref = harv
}}

{{Cite book| title = Die Aranda- und Loritja-Stämme in Zentral-Australien.: Part 4. 1 Abteilung: Stammbaum Tafeln

| last = Strehlow | first = C.
| author-link = Carl Strehlow
| year = 1913b
| publisher = Joseph Baer & Co
| url = https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/2440/61643/8/Die%20Aranda%20und%20Loritja-Stamme%20-%20Inserts.pdf
| format = PDF
| ref = harv
}}

{{Cite book| title = Die Aranda- und Loritja-Stämme in Zentral-Australien: Part 5

| last = Strehlow | first = C.
| author-link = Carl Strehlow
| year = 1920
| publisher = Joseph Baer & Co
| url = https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/2440/61643/7/Die%20Aranda_Issue%205.pdf
| format = PDF
| ref = harv
}}

{{Cite book| chapter = Aranda (NT)

| last = Tindale | first = Norman Barnett
| author-link = Norman Tindale
| year = 1974
| title = Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names
| publisher = Australian National University
| chapter-url = http://archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au/tindaletribes/aranda.htm
| ref = harv
}}

{{Cite web| title = Have you ever wondered why Arrernte is spelt the way it is?

| last = Turpin | first = Myfany
| publisher = Central Land Council
| url = https://www.clc.org.au/index.php?/articles/info/have-you-ever-wondered-why-arrernte-is-spelt-the-way-it-is/
| date = August 2004
| ref = harv
}}{{refend}}

External links

Arrernte Tribal Group

2 : Aboriginal peoples of the Northern Territory|Arrernte

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