| 词条 | Artificial seawater | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
Artificial seawater (abbreviated ASW) is a mixture of dissolved mineral salts (and sometimes vitamins) that simulates seawater. Artificial seawater is primarily used in marine biology and in marine and reef aquaria, and allows the easy preparation of media appropriate for marine organisms (including algae, bacteria, plants and animals). From a scientific perspective, artificial seawater has the advantage of reproducibility over natural seawater since it is a standardized formula. Synthetic seawater is also known as artificial seawater and substitute ocean water. ExampleThe tables below present an example of an artificial seawater (35.00‰ of salinity) preparation devised by Kester, Duedall, Connors and Pytkowicz (1967).[1] The recipe consists of two lists of mineral salts, the first of anhydrous salts that can be weighed out, the second of hydrous salts that should be added to the artificial seawater as a solution.
While all of the compounds listed in the recipe above are inorganic, mineral salts, some artificial seawater recipes, such as Goldman and McCarthy (1978),[2] make use of trace solutions of vitamins or organic compounds. StandardThe International Standard for making Artificial Seawater can be found at ASTM International.[3] The current standard is named ASTM D1141-98 (the original standard was ASTM D1141-52) and describes the standard practice for the preparation of substitute ocean water. UsesThere are various applications for ASTM D1141-98 synthetic seawater including corrosion studies, ocean instrument calibration and chemical processing.[4] Typically, laboratory grade water is used when making synthetic salts [5] See also
References1. ^Kester, D. R., Duedall, I. W., Connors, D. N. and Pytkowicz, R. M. (1967). Preparation of Artificial Seawater {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217001327/http://aslo.org/lo/toc/vol_12/issue_1/0176.pdf |date=2008-12-17 }}. Limnology & Oceanography 12, 176—179. 2. ^Goldman, J. C. and McCarthy, J. J. (1978). Steady-state growth and ammonium uptake of a fast-growing marine diatom {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217001331/http://aslo.org/lo/toc/vol_23/issue_4/0695.pdf |date=2008-12-17 }}. Limnology & Oceanography 23, 695–703. 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.astm.org/Standards/D1141.htm |title=Standard Practice for the Preparation of Substitute Ocean Water |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |website=ASTM International |publisher= |accessdate=16 June 2014}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.lakeproductscompany.com/ |title= "Artificial Seawater" ASTM D1141-98 Lake Products Company LLC|}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.g2mtlabs.com/artificial-seawater-aka-synthetic-seawater-substitute-ocean-water-astm-d1141-salts-solutions/ |title= Preparation of Substitute Ocean Water |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= 2018-11-08|website=G2MT Labs |publisher= |accessdate=10 November 2018}} External links
8 : Seaweeds|Aquaria|Aquatic ecology|Biological oceanography|Chemical oceanography|Liquid water|Marine biology|Planktology |
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