| 词条 | Artur Bodanzky |
| 释义 |
Artur Bodanzky (also written as Artur Bodzansky) (16 December 1877 in Vienna – 23 November 1939 in New York) was an Austrian-American conductor particularly associated with the operas of Wagner. CareerThe son of Jewish merchants, Bodanzky studied the violin and composition with Alexander Zemlinsky [1] Bodanzky then became conducting assistant to Gustav Mahler in Vienna, later going on to jobs in Berlin, the Neues Deutsches Theater in Prague (August 1907),[2] where he was briefly a colleague of Otto Klemperer[3] and Mannheim. In 1915 he emigrated to the United States to work for the Metropolitan Opera, being replaced at Mannheim by Wilhelm Furtwängler. He was head of German repertory at the Met, being accepted by Toscanini on the recommendation of Ferruccio Busoni.[4] In 1921 he was engaged by the New York Philharmonic as a guest conductor.[5] In 1928, Bodanzky announced his resignation from the Met and was replaced by Joseph Rosenstock. However, Rosenstock received such criticism in the press that he himself resigned almost immediately on medical advice, and Bodanzky was rehired, and remained at the Met until his death. He was approached by Thomas Beecham to conduct at Covent Garden in 1936, but his requested fee of ₤250 for each performance was considered too high.[6] Conducting style and critical receptionWhen he was appointed to his position at Mannheim Bodanzky was praised as a "mature and diligent" conductor" with "only one deficiency: a certain heavy-handedness, a predilection for ritardando".[7] However, later in his career at the Met Bodanzky became "notorious for his rapid tempi, particularly in Wagner".[7] Bodanzky reputedly introduced more cuts in operas he prepared than many other contemporary conductors, and it was sometimes suggested that he was eager to finish the opera in time to play cards. H. L. Mencken criticized his abilities as a symphonic conductor, saying that "he gave an impression of being unfamiliar with what he was there to direct".[8] Many recordings survive of Bodanzky's Met broadcasts (some of which, for legal reasons, are not available in the United States). These include the very earliest Met broadcasts to survive, from 1933 and 1934, featuring substantial fragments of soprano Frida Leider in Die Walküre and Tristan und Isolde. From the recordings, it becomes apparent that Bodanzky's tempi fluctuate greatly, sometimes very fast, sometimes quite slow. In this practice, he is not far from the live recordings of such contemporaries as Albert Coates, Fritz Reiner, and Furtwängler. As to the matter of cuts, it was the almost invariable practice in opera houses outside Bayreuth at that time. Bodanzky compares favorably with both Furtwängler and Reiner in this respect. In 1944, Szell gave a broadcast performance of Die Walküre which has been reissued on CD and which, as regards fast tempi and severity of cuts, is comparable to anything of Bodanzky's. Frida Leider praised Bodanzky's "outstanding artistry" in her autobiography, written after Bodanzky's death.[9] The influential critic and promoter Samuel Chotzinoff in his book, Toscanini: An Intimate Portrait, claimed that Toscanini did not rate Bodanzky at all highly even though he was saddened by his death; this appears to conflict with the claim that Toscanini recommended Bodanzky to the Met. FamilyArtur was the brother of the noted journalist and playwright Robert Bodanzky. References1. ^Beaumont (2000). [https://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0801438039&id=jmg9s141MekC&pg=PA28&lpg=PA28&vq=bodanzky&sig=kvfOAbfsx7fYG7aniOCUxG1sfl8 p. 28] 2. ^Beaumont (2000), [https://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0801438039&id=jmg9s141MekC&pg=PA157&lpg=PA157&vq=bodanzky&sig=XNuFX8rIV1jUbnRuPprvpusIkKk p. 157] 3. ^Beaumont (2000), [https://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0801438039&id=jmg9s141MekC&pg=PA213&lpg=PA213&vq=bodanzky&sig=W_QADKEkpgsDmWoAjsVaYlbAQCA p. 213] 4. ^Horowitz (2005), [https://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0393057178&id=WH6qoRP2UNgC&pg=RA2-PA367&lpg=RA2-PA367&vq=bodanzky&sig=DEB7LaQ5iQTJq7rQq7x7pmApaUs p. 367] 5. ^Horowitz (2005), [https://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0393057178&id=WH6qoRP2UNgC&pg=RA2-PA278&lpg=RA2-PA278&vq=bodanzky&sig=1uwOtNF96O6NmP1-5ll-W29V6Z0 p. 278] 6. ^{{cite book|title=Fritz Reiner: A Biography |first=Philipp |last=Hart |url=https://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN081011125X&id=xtFbT2cLWZMC&pg=PA90&lpg=PA90&vq=bodanzky&sig=qH1Ib_5GOiHKhMuvN2qTZ2EOYGM |location=Evanston, IL |publisher=Northwestern University Press |year=1994 |isbn=0-8101-1125-X |page=90 }} 7. ^1 Beaumont (2000), [https://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0801438039&id=jmg9s141MekC&pg=PA167&lpg=PA167&vq=bodanzky&sig=FVzzF9CA2x1CstrpzqQ8B4dlhR4 p. 167] 8. ^{{cite book |title=American Mercury Magazine January to April 1924 |first=H. L. |last=Mencken |year=2003 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=0-7661-6475-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0766164756&id=ObUPmX07AZ0C&pg=RA2-PA187&lpg=RA2-PA187&vq=bodanzky&sig=pDAnKOAnsv6u2ZJta3aOgAWG-iE |page=287 }} 9. ^{{cite book|title=Playing my part|first=Frida|last=Leider|author2=Charles Osborne (trans.)|edition=reprint|publisher=Da Capo Press|location=New York|year=1978|ISBN=0-306-77535-2|page=153}} Bibliography
|title=Zemlinsky |first=Anthony |last=Beaumont |url=https://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0801438039 |year=2000 |location=Ithaca, NY |publisher=Cornell University Press |isbn=0-8014-3803-9}}
|title=Classical Music in America: A History of Its Rise and Fall |first=Joseph |last=Horowitz |url=https://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0393057178 |year=2005 |publisher=W. W. Norton and Company |location=New York, NY |isbn=0-393-05717-8}} External links
12 : American conductors (music)|American male conductors (music)|Austrian conductors (music)|Male conductors (music)|Austrian Jews|Austro-Hungarian emigrants to the United States|Burials at Sleepy Hollow Cemetery|Conductors of the Metropolitan Opera|Jewish classical musicians|Jewish American classical musicians|1877 births|1939 deaths |
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