“Aryeh Deri”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Aryeh Makhlouf Deri^[1] ({{Lang-he-n|אריה מכלוף דרעי}}) (also Arie Deri, Arye Deri or Arieh Deri; born 17 February 1959 in Meknes) is an Israeli politician. He is one of Shas founders,^[2] and acts on its behalf as Minister of the Interior, Minister of the Development of the Negev and Galilee, and a member in the Security Cabinet of Israel. He previously served as Minister of the Economy. In 1999, Deri was convicted of bribery, fraud, and breach of trust, and given a three-year jail sentence. At the end of 2012, ahead of the elections for the nineteenth Knesset, he returned to lead Shas party. He was placed in the 2nd position, and was re-elected to the Knesset. In May 2013, he was re-appointed to the role of Shas chairman.

Early life

Aryeh Deri was born on February 17, 1959, in Meknes, Morocco, to Esther (née Azougi) and Eliyahu. His parents lived in one of the new wealthy districts of the city, and were influenced by the French culture. His father owned a successful business of tailoring, and his family were traditional Jews, but not Orthodox.^[2] When he turned 5, he began to learn in Ozar Hatorah, a school that combined secular and Orthodox Jewish religious education. In 1968, as he turned 9, his family made Aliyah and settled in Bat Yam. Deri attended a religious boarding school in Hadera. In 1973, he began to study at Porat Yosef, a leading Sephardic yeshiva in Jerusalem. In May 1976, he transferred to Hebron Yeshiva, where he received his rabbinical ordination. In 1981, he married Yaffa Cohen. The young couple were financially supported by a couple of Holocaust survivors from New York who Yaffa knew.

In addition to Hebrew, Deri is fluent in Moroccan Arabic and French.^[3] His older brother, Yehuda Deri, is the Chief Rabbi and Av Beit Din of the city Be'er Sheva. He is also a member of The Chief Rabbinate Council. Another brother of Deri, Shlomo, is a lawyer.

After completing his yeshiva studies, Deri was appointed secretary of the Haredi settlement of Ma'ale Amos, and joined the Gush Etzion Regional Council. In 1983, he was appointed administrative manager of Lev Banim Yeshiva.

Political career

Establishment of Shas and Interior Minister role

In 1984, he founded and began to serve as a secretary to Moetzet Chachmei HaTorah of Shas.^[4] During 1985, he served as an assistant to Interior Minister, Yitzhak Peretz, and at the end of the same year he was appointed to the role of the Secretary General of Shas. In June 1986, he enlisted to a shortened time of 3 months in the Israel Defense Forces. Immediately after he finished his time at the army, at age 27, Deri was appointed as the CEO of the Interior Ministry. After the Elections for the 12th Knesset, he was appointed to the Interior Minister role in the government of Yitzhak Shamir, because of the refusal of Rabbi Yitzhak Peretz to receive this role. Deri was sworn in as the Interior Minister on December 22, 1988, at age 29, and became the youngest minister in Israel history.

After his appointment to Interior Minister role, Deri received a lot of attention from the Israeli media. He abolished the censorship of plays in theaters,^[5] a popular act among the public in Israel.

The grand coalition suffered from instability, and the Labor Party tried to break up from the coalition and create a narrow coalition. Deri was part of those efforts. His friendship with Haim Ramon, a Knesset member from the Labor Party, brought negotiations between the sides, and at the end both parties agreed to overthrow the government and to create a government of Labor-Haredi instead. This agreement became practical with a motion of no confidence on March 15, 1990. This act overthrown the grand coalition, but 5 Knesset members on behalf of Shas party were absent from the vote. This agreement was nicknamed "The dirty trick". Two rabbis, Menachem Mendel Schneerson and Elazar Shach, strongly opposed to co-operate with the political left, caused the deal to fail, and the Labor Party chairman, Shimon Peres, didn't succeed to create a coalition. At the end, Yitzhak Shamir, Likud chairman, established a government of Likud-Right-Haredis, where Deri continued to serve as Interior Minister.

After the Labor Party, led by Yitzhak Rabin, won the elections in 1992, Shas party joined the coalition, and Deri continued to serve as Interior Minister, and, for the first time, as a Knesset member. He remained Minister of the Interior until May 1993, when he became a Minister without Portfolio, before returning to the Interior Ministry in June. He left the cabinet in September 1993. He was re-elected to the Knesset in 1996.

Conviction

Deri was convicted of taking $155,000 in bribes while serving as Interior Minister, and was given a three-year jail sentence in 2000. He was replaced by Eli Yishai.^[6]^[7] Due to good behavior, Deri was released from Maasiyahu Prison in 2002, after serving 22 months.^[8]

Return to public life

In June 2011, he announced that he was planning to return to politics.^[9] He was re-elected to the Knesset in 2013. However, on 28 December 2014, Channel 2 released video footage in which Ovadia Yosef, the founder of Shas, attacked Deri, calling him a wicked man and a thief. The same day, Deri handed a resignation letter to the rabbinical board of Shas, who refused to accept it. On the following day, Deri presented his resignation to the Knesset speaker Yuli-Yoel Edelstein,^[10] with his seat taken by Lior Edri.

Despite his resignation from the Knesset, Deri headed the Shas list for the March 2015 elections, and was subsequently appointed Minister of the Economy and Minister of the Development of the Negev and Galilee in the new government. He left his post as Minister of the Economy on 3 November 2015, reportedly over an unpopular gas monopoly deal, and was replaced by Netanyahu, who promised to speed up the deal.^[11] He was appointed Minister of the Interior on 11 January 2016. He resigned from the Knesset in October 2016 to allow Michael Malchieli to take his seat, whilst remaining a minister.^[12] He temporarily served as Minister of Religious Services in 2018 after the death of David Azulai.^[13]

Personal life

Deri is married, and has nine children. He lives in the Har Nof neighborhood of Jerusalem.^[14]

See also

References

1. ^{{Cite book|title=The Story of Shas|last=Dayan|first=Aryeh|publisher=|year=1997|isbn=|location=|pages=66|quote=For many years, Deri was known as "Aryeh Deri", and he signed with this name in the Book of Laws when he became the Minister of Interior, even that in the candidates list to the Knesset his name written as "Aryeh Makhlouf Deri". During the elections for the 20th Knesset, he placed a lot of emphasis on sectarianism, and began to be presented in his full name, "Aryeh Makhlouf Deri".|via=}}
2. ^¹{{Cite book|title=The Story of Shas|last=Dayan|first=Aryeh|publisher=|year=1999|isbn=|location=|pages=|quote=|via=}}
3. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.knesset.gov.il/mk/heb/mk.asp?mk_individual_id_t=41|title=Personal details|last=|first=|date=|website=Knesset website|publisher=|access-date=}}
4. ^{{cite news |title=Top Israeli politician goes to jail |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/908403.stm |work=BBC News |date=3 September 2000}}
5. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3722303,00.html|title=תבוטל הצנזורה על סרטים|last=יודילוביץ'|first=מרב|date=2009-05-27|newspaper=Ynet|language=he|access-date=2017-01-01}}
6. ^{{cite news| title= In a Divided Israel, Thousands Rally for the Ex-Shas Party Leader as He Goes to Jail| url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F07E2D71130F937A3575AC0A9669C8B63 | first=Deborah| last=Sontag| date=September 4, 2000|work=The New York Times| accessdate=October 10, 2007}}
7. ^{{cite news|title=Israeli political leader goes to jail after emotional send-off| url=http://archives.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/meast/09/03/shas.jail/| last=Kessel| first=Jerrold| date=September 3, 2000| publisher=CNN| accessdate=October 10, 2007}}
8. ^{{cite news| title=Former Shas leader to leave prison| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/2122057.stm| date=July 11, 2002|publisher=BBC News | accessdate=October 10, 2007}}
9. ^{{cite news| title=Former Shas leader announces intent to return to politics| url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/former-shas-leader-announces-intent-to-return-to-politics-1.369098| date=June 22, 2011| publisher=Ha'aretz English| accessdate=June 22, 2011}}
10. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/israel-election-2015/.premium-1.634243 | title=After split with Shas, Yishai releases 'doomsday weapon' tape on Deri | work=Haaretz | date=29 December 2014 | accessdate=2015-03-17 | author=Ettinger, Yair}}
11. ^[https://www.rt.com/news/321196-israel-protest-gas-deal/ ‘Struggle over democracy’: Israelis protest Netanyahu’s gas deal with US energy giant] Russia Today, 8 November 2015
12. ^Interior Minister Shal Leader Deri Resigns From Knesset Yeshiva World, 31 October 2016
13. ^[https://www.knesset.gov.il/govt/eng/GovtByNumber_eng.asp Twentieth Knesset: Government 34] Knesset
14. ^{{Cite newspaper|date=April 26, 2018|script-title=he:מחיר השלום|trans-title=The Price of Peace|newspaper=Mishpacha|language=he|issue=1354|page=4}}

External links