| 词条 | Asarum europaeum | |||
| 释义 |
|name = European wild ginger |image = Asarum europaeum 170406.jpg |image_caption = Flower and emerging spring leaves on a specimen from the Schwäbisch-Fränkischer Forest in Germany |genus = Asarum |species = europaeum |authority = L. }} Asarum europaeum, commonly known as asarabacca, European wild ginger, hazelwort, and wild spikenard, is a species of flowering plant in the birthwort family Aristolochiaceae, native to large parts of temperate Europe, and also cultivated in gardens. It is a creeping evergreen perennial with glossy green, kidney shaped leaves and solitary dull purple flowers hidden by the leaves. Though its roots have a ginger aroma, it is not closely related to the true culinary ginger Zingiber officinale, which originates in tropical Asian rainforests. It is sometimes harvested for use as a spice or a flavoring. In former days, it was used in snuff and also medicinally as an emetic and cathartic. [1][2]DescriptionThe prostrate stems are {{convert|10|–|15|cm}} long, each bearing two reniform leaves with long petioles.The leaves are about 10 cm wide. The upper surface of the leaves is shiny, and they have a pepper-like taste and smell. There are also 2 to 3 stipules present that occur in two rows opposite each other on the stem. The flowers are solitary, terminal and nodding. The flower tube is composed of fused tepals that ends with 3 petal-like projections that are brownish towards their ends and dark purple toward the centre. There are 12 stamens present. The flowers emerge in the late winter and spring.[3] Distribution and habitatAsarum europaeum has a wide distribution in Europe. It ranges from southern Finland and northern Russia south to southern France, Italy, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria. It is absent from the British Isles and Scandinavia with the exception of southern Finland, and also from northwestern Germany[3] and the Netherlands. Within Europe, the plant is grown outside of its range in the United Kingdom, Denmark, Sweden, Norway and the Netherlands.[4]It occurs mostly in deciduous woodland or coniferous forests, especially in calcareous (chalky) soils. SubspeciesThere are two recognised subspecies other than the type, including A. europaeum ssp. caucasicum, which is confined to the southwestern Alps, and A. europaeum ssp. italicum, which is found in central and northern Italy as well as in the Skopska Crna Gora mountains of Macedonia and Kosovo. CultivationA. europaeum is quite shade-tolerant and is often employed as groundcover where little else will grow.This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit.[5]Photo galleryReferences1. ^{{Cite journal | last = Seidemann | first = Johannes | author-link = Johannes Seidemann | title = World Spice Plants: Economic Usage, Botany, Taxonomy | place = Germany | publisher = Springer |date=July 2005 | edition = 1 | page = 57 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=fhN0VK2608QC&pg=PA57&lpg=PA57&dq=Asarum+europaeum+spice&q=Asarum%20europaeum%20spice | isbn = 3-540-22279-0}} 2. ^{{cite web | last = Katzer | first = Gernot | authorlink = Gernot Katzer | title = Geographic Spice Index | work = Gernot Katzer’s Spice Pages | url = http://gernot-katzers-spice-pages.com/engl/spice_geo.html#Asarum_europaeum | accessdate = 6 December 2012 }} 3. ^1 {{cite book| last =Schmeil| first =Otto| authorlink =|author2=Fitschen, Jost|author3= Seybold, Siegmund| title =Flora von Deutschland, 93. Auflage| publisher =Quelle & Meyer Verlag| date =2006| location =Wiebelsheim| isbn =3-494-01413-2| page =190|language=de}} 4. ^{{Cite book| contribution=Asarum europaeum| title=Flora Europaea|editor1=Tutin, T.G. |editor2=V. H. Heywood |editor3=N. A. Burges |editor4=D. H. Valentine |editor5=S. M. Walters |editor6=D. A. Webb | publisher=Cambridge University Press| contribution-url=http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Asarum&SPECIES_XREF=europaeum}} 5. ^{{cite web | url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/1680/i-Asarum-europaeum-i/Details|title = RHS Plantfinder - Asarum europaeum| publisher = Royal Horticultural Society | accessdate=12 January 2018}} External links
4 : Asarum|Herbs|Medicinal plants of Europe|Plants described in 1753 |
|||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。