| 词条 | Ashta Lakshmi |
| 释义 |
| type = Hindu | image = Ashthalakshmi - Star of Laxmi.svg | caption = The Star of Lakshmi is used in Hinduism to symbolize Ashtalakshmi, the eight forms of wealth. | name = Ashta Lakshmi | Devanagari = {{lang|sa|अष्टलक्ष्मी}} | Sanskrit_transliteration = {{IAST|aṣṭalakṣmī}} | affiliation = The 8 forms of Devi Lakshmi | god_of = | abode = Vaikuntha | mantra = oṁ aim hrīṁ śrīṁ mahālakṣmyai namo namaḥ | weapon = varies on each form | consort = Vishnu | mount = Owl, Elephant | planet = Venus }}Ashta Lakshmi (Sanskrit: अष्टलक्ष्मी, IAST: Aṣṭalakṣmī; lit. "Eight Lakshmis") or Ashtalakshmi are a group of eight manifestations of Devi Lakshmi, the Hindu goddess of wealth. She presides over eight sources of wealth:[1] "Wealth" in the context of Ashta-Lakshmi means prosperity, good health, knowledge, strength, progeny, and power.[2] The Ashta Lakshmi are always depicted and worshipped in a group in temples.[3] Etymology and IconographyThe prayer "Shri Ashta Lakshmi Stotram" lists all of the Ashta Lakshmi's[1] in which all of the Ashta Lakshmi's are depicted as seated on a lotus. Adi/Maha Lakshmi{{multiple image| width = 150 | image1 = NarayanaTirumala18.JPG | footer = Adi Lakshmi }} Adi Lakshmi or Maha Lakshmi ("Primeval Lakshmi" or "Great Lakshmi") is an ancient form of Lakshmi.[3] She is an incarnation of Lakshmi as the daughter of the sage Bhrigu.[2] She is depicted as four-armed, carrying a lotus and a white flag, other two arms in Abhaya mudra and varada mudra. Dhana Lakshmi{{multiple image| width = 150 | image1 = NarayanaTirumala25.JPG | footer = Dhana Lakshmi }} Dhana Lakshmi ("Money Lakshmi"), is the goddess of wealth.[3] She is depicted as four-armed, in red garments, and carrying a chakra (discus), shankha (conch), kalasha (water pitcher with mango leaves and a coconut on top) or Amrita kumbha (a pitcher containing the elixir of life), bow and arrow, a lotus and her arm in abhaya mudra with wealth in the form of gold raining down from it. Dhanya Lakshmi{{multiple image| width = 150 | image1 = NarayanaTirumala24.JPG | footer = Dhanya Lakshmi }} Dhanya Lakshmi ("Grain Lakshmi") is the goddess of agricultural wealth.[3] She is depicted as eight-armed, in green garments, carrying two lotuses, gada (mace), paddy crop, sugarcane, bananas, and her two hands in abhaya mudra and varada mudra. Gaja Lakshmi{{multiple image| width = 150 | image2 = NarayanaTirumala21.JPG | footer = Gaja Lakshmi }} Gaja Lakshmi ("Elephant Lakshmi") is the giver of animal wealth (such as cattle)[3] or the giver of power of royalty, as interpreted by Swami Chidananda.[4] According to Hindu mythology, Gaja Lakshmi brought back the wealth lost by Indra (king of demi-gods) from the ocean.[2] Vasudha Narayanan interpreted the name as "one who is worshipped by elephants".[1] She is depicted as four-armed, in red garments, carrying two lotuses, other two arms in abhaya mudra and varada mudra, surrounded by two elephants bathing her with water pots. Santana Lakshmi{{multiple image| width = 150 | image1 = NarayanaTirumala23.JPG | footer = Santana Lakshmi }} Santana Lakshmi ("Progeny Lakshmi") is the goddess of bestowing offsprings[3] She is depicted as six-armed, carrying two kalashas (water pitcher with mango leaves and a coconut on it), sword, shield, a child on her lap, a hand in abhaya mudra and the other holding the child. Her sword and shield symbolises a mother's ability to even kill someone to save her own child . The child holds a lotus. Veera/Dhairya Lakshmi{{multiple image| width = 150 | image2 = NarayanaTirumala19.JPG | footer = Veera Lakshmi }} Veera Lakshmi ("Valourous Lakshmi") or Dhairya Lakshmi ("Courage Lakshmi") is the goddess who bestows valour during battles[3] and courage plus strength for overcoming difficulties in life.[2] She is depicted as eight-armed, in red garments, carrying a chakra, shankh, bow, arrow, trishul (or sword), a bundle of palm leaf scriptures, other two hands in abhaya mudra and varada mudra. Jaya/Vijaya Lakshmi{{multiple image| width = 150 | image1 = NarayanaTirumala20.JPG | footer = Vijaya Lakshmi }} Vijaya Lakshmi or Jaya Lakshmi ("Victorious Lakshmi") is the goddess and the giver of victory,[4] not only in battles[3] but also for conquering hurdles in order to achieve success.[2] She is depicted as eight-armed, in red garments, carrying the chakra, shankh, sword, shield, lotus, pasha, other two hands in abhaya mudra and varada mudra. Vidya Lakshmi{{multiple image| width = 150 | image2 = NarayanaTirumala26.JPG | footer = Vidya Lakshmi }} Vidya Lakshmi ("Knowledge Lakshmi") is the goddess and the bestower of knowledge of arts and sciences.She is dressed in white saree and has resemblance to godess Saraswati. She holds a book of vedas , peacock feather as a pen , vard mudra and abhay mudra.[4] Additional FormsIn some Ashta Lakshmi lists, other forms of Lakshmi are included,
Rise and WorshipThe rise in popularity of the Ashta Lakshmi can be linked with the rising popularity of the Ashta Lakshmi Strotam. Around the 1970s, a leading Sri Vaishnava theologian, Sri U. Ve. Vidvan Mukkur Srinivasavaradacariyar Svamikal,[6] published a poem called Ashta Lakshmi Strotam dedicated to the eight Lakshmis. Narayanan comments, {{quote|“Although these attributes (which represent the wealths bestowed by the Ashta Lakshmi) of Sri (Lakshmi) can be found in traditional literature, the emergence of these eight (Ashta Lakshmi goddesses) in precisely this combination is, as far as I can discern, new.”[1]}}The Ashta Lakshmi are now widely worshipped both by Sri Vaishnava and other Hindu communities in South India.[1] Occasionally, the Ashta Lakshmi are depicted together in shrines or in "framing pictures" within an overall design and are worshipped by votaries of Lakshmi who worship her in her various manifestations.[5] In addition to emergence of Ashta Lakshmi temples since the 1970s, traditional silver articles used in home worship as well as decorative jars ('Kumbha') now appear with the Ashta Lakshmi group molded on their sides. Books, popular prayers manuals, pamphlets sold outside temples in South India; ritual worship and "a burgeoning audiocassette market" are also popularizing these eight forms of Lakshmi.[7] Temples
See also
References1. ^1 2 3 4 Vasudha Narayanan in: John Stratton Hawley, Donna Marie Wulff p.104 2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=http://parashakthitemple.org/pages/ashta_lakshmi.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070212060836/http://www.parashakthitemple.org/pages/ashta_lakshmi.aspx |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2007-02-12 |title=Ashta Lakshmi |author=Parashakthi temple, Michigan }} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Flipside of Hindu Symbolism (Sociological and Scientific Linkages in Hinduism) by M. K. V. Narayan; published 2007 by Fultus Corporation; 200 pages; {{ISBN|1-59682-117-5}}; p.93 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=The Eightfold Lakshmi|url= http://www.divyajivan.org/ashtalakshmi/ashtalakshmi_chida.htm|author = Swami Chidananda}} 5. ^1 2 Studies in Hindu and Buddhist Art By P. K. Mishra, p. 34 6. ^Vasudha Narayanan in: John Stratton Hawley, Donna Marie Wulff p.108 7. ^Vasudha Narayanan in: John Stratton Hawley, Donna Marie Wulff p.105 8. ^Vasudha Narayanan in: John Stratton Hawley, Donna Marie Wulff p.109 "The effect is to cast Vishnu as the consort of Lakshmi than the other way around, as has been traditional" 9. ^Vasudha Narayanan in: John Stratton Hawley, Donna Marie Wulff pp.108-9 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hyderabad-india.net/travel/ashtalakshmitemple.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060426104707/http://www.hyderabad-india.net/travel/ashtalakshmitemple.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2006-04-26 |title=Ashtalakshmi Temple, Hyderabad |publisher=My city pedia }} 11. ^{{cite web|title = Official website of Ashtalakshmi Temple, Houston|url = http://www.ashtalakshmi.org/|publisher = Ashtalakshmi Temple, Houston}} 12. ^{{cite web|title = Official website of Ashtalakshmi Temple, North Hollywood|url =http://www.ashtalakshmitemplela.org/}} 13. ^Our Deities - Ashta Lakshmi (and Durga Mahalakshmi) - OM Shakthi - Parashakthi Temple {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705083337/http://www.parashakthitemple.org/pages/ashta_lakshmi.aspx |date=July 5, 2008 }} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sriashtalakshmitemple.org/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-07-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708171054/http://www.sriashtalakshmitemple.org/ |archivedate=2015-07-08 |df= }} Further reading
External links
3 : Hindu goddesses|Fortune goddesses|Lakshmi |
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