| 词条 | Asparagus aethiopicus | |
| 释义 |
|taxon = Asparagus aethiopicus |image = Asparagus aethiopicus fruit2 (11971199144).jpg |image_caption = Naturalized in Australia |authority = L. |synonyms={{collapsible list|bullets = true |Asparagopsis aethiopica (L.) Kunth |Asparagopsis lancea (Thunb.) Kunth |Asparagus aculeatus Voss |Asparagus laetus Salisb. |Asparagus lanceus Thunb. |Asparagus maximus Voss |Asparagus sprengeri Regel |Protasparagus aethiopicus (L.) Oberm. }} |synonyms_ref=[1] |}} Asparagus aethiopicus, Sprenger's asparagus, is a plant native to the Cape Provinces and the Northern Provinces of South Africa. Often used as an ornamental plant, it is considered an invasive weed in many locations. Asparagus fern and foxtail fern are common names; however, it is unrelated to true ferns.[2] A. aethiopicus has been confused with A. densiflorus, now regarded as a separate species,[3][4] so that information about A. aethiopicus will often be found under the name A. densiflorus. Name and descriptionThe species was originally described by Carl Linnaeus in 1767. The attribution "Sprenger's Asparagus," refers to Carl Ludwig Sprenger who made it popular in Europe as an ornamental plant. Asparagus aethiopicus is a branching perennial herb with tough green aerial stems which are sparsely covered with spines. The leaves are actually leaf-like cladodes, which are 0.8–2 cm long and 0.1-0.2 cm wide, and arise in groups of four or more from the stem. Occurring in spring, the small white or pinkish-white flowers are 0.3-0.5 cm long and arise in clusters off the stem. Flowers are followed in summer by small round berries 0.5 cm in diameter, which bear a black 3 mm diameter seed. Initially green, the berries mature and turn red in the winter. The root system is a mat of fibrous roots with bulbous tubers, from which plants may resprout.[5]DistributionAsparagus aethiopicus is native to southeastern coastal regions of South Africa, in the Eastern Cape and the Northern Provinces.[6]In the United States, it has been declared a weed in Hawaii,[7] and Florida.[8] It has also been declared a weed in New Zealand,[9] and has become established around major urban areas in Australia including Sydney, Wollongong, the Central Coast, Southeastern Queensland, and Adelaide,[5] as well as Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island.[10] Seeds are spread by fruit-eating birds and improper disposal of garden refuse.[5] The pied currawong is a culprit in Sydney.[11] It can be eradicated by glyphosate,[12] or manual removal of tubers.[13] Growing Asparagus aethiopicusAsparagus aethiopicus is grown as an indoor plant in cooler climates, or as an ornamental garden plant in urban gardens, rockeries or in pots. Two cultivars are seen in cultivation, 'Sprengeri' is a scrambling form with sparser foliage, while 'Meyeri' has more erect stems to 70 cm (28 in) and denser foliage.[9]Consuming the berries of A. aethiopicus can cause gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal pain, and contact with the skin may cause dermatitis. The plant is toxic to domestic cats and dogs.[14] References1. ^The Plant List, Asparagus aethiopicus L. 2. ^Reader's Digest Illustrated Guide to Gardening in Canada. The Reader's Digest Association (Canada) Ltd.: 1979. Calkins, Carrol C., ed. {{ISBN|0-88850-081-5}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242101423|title=FNA Vol. 26 Page 213, 214: Asparagus aethiopicus|work=Flora of North America|publisher=Flora of North America|accessdate=2009-07-29}} 4. ^{{Harvtxt|WCSP|2011}}. Search for "Asparagus densiflorus". 5. ^1 2 {{cite book |title=Winning the war of Weeds: The Essential Gardener's Guide to Weed Identification and Control |last=Wolff |first=Mark A. |year=1999 |publisher=Kangaroo Press |location=Kenthurst, NSW |isbn=0-86417-993-6|page=43}} 6. ^Gibbs Russell, G. E., W. G. M. Welman, E. Retief, K. L. Immelman, G. Germishuizen, B. J. Pienaar, M. Van Wyk & A. Nicholas. 1987. List of species of southern African plants. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa 2(1–2): 1–152(pt. 1), 1–270(pt. 2). as Protasparagus aethiopicus 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hear.org/species/asparagus_densiflorus/|title=Asparagus densiflorus (Liliaceae) - HEAR species info|work=hear.org|accessdate=29 November 2015}} 8. ^Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council’s 2007 List of Invasive Plant Species 9. ^1 Asparagus densiflorus {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090909065809/http://weedbusters.co.nz/weed_info/detail.asp?WeedID=73 |date=September 9, 2009 }} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/online-resources/flora/stddisplay.xsql?pnid=6265|title=Asparagus aethiopicus|date=1994|work=Flora of Australia Online|publisher=ABRS, ©Commonwealth of Australia|accessdate=2009-07-29}} 11. ^{{cite web|title=Asparagus Densiflorus - Asparagus Fern |url=http://www.lanecove.nsw.gov.au/Our%20Environment/natural%20environment/Noxious%20Weeds/NoxiousWeedDescriptions-Asparagusdensiflorus.htm |accessdate=2009-07-28 |work=Lane Cove Council - Our Environment |publisher=Lane Cove Council, NSW |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090531005508/http://www.lanecove.nsw.gov.au/Our%20Environment/Natural%20Environment/Noxious%20Weeds/NoxiousWeedDescriptions-Asparagusdensiflorus.htm |archivedate=31 May 2009 |deadurl=yes }} 12. ^Wolff, p. 104 13. ^Wolff, p. 80 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aspca.org/pet-care/poison-control/plants/asparagus-fern.html|title=Asparagus Fern|work=ASPCA|accessdate=29 November 2015}} Further reading
External links
8 : Asparagus|Endemic flora of South Africa|Plants described in 1767|Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus|Invasive plant species in New Zealand|Invasive plant species in the United States|Garden plants of Southern Africa|House plants |
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