| 词条 | Asparagus asparagoides |
| 释义 |
|taxon = Asparagus asparagoides |image = Asparagus asparagoides leaves.jpg |authority = (L.) Druce 1914 |synonyms_ref=[1] |synonyms = {{collapsible list|bullets = true |Medeola asparagoides L. 1753 |Asparagus kuisibensis Dinter |Asparagus medeoloides (L.f.) Thunb. |Asparagus medeoloides var. angustifolius (Mill.) Baker |Asparagus medeoloides var. falciformis (Kunth) Baker |Dracaena medeoloides L.f |Elachanthera sewelliae F.Muell. |Elide asparagoides (L.) Kerguélen |Luzuriaga sewelliae (F.Muell.) K.Krause |Medeola angustifolia Mill. |Medeola latifolia Salisb. |Myrsiphyllum angustifolium (Mill.) Willd. |Myrsiphyllum falciforme Kunth |Ruscus volubilis Thunb. |Myrsiphyllum asparagoides (L.) Willd. }}}} Asparagus asparagoides, commonly known as bridal creeper, bridal-veil creeper, gnarboola, smilax or smilax asparagus, is a herbaceous climbing plant of the family Asparagaceae native to eastern and southern Africa. Sometimes grown as an ornamental plant, it has become a serious environmental weed in Australia and New Zealand. TaxonomyLinnaeus first described this species as Medeola asparagoides in 1753. It has been reclassified in the genus Asparagus by W. Wight in 1909, or Myrsiphyllum by Carl Ludwig von Willdenow in 1808.[2] DescriptionAsparagus asparagoides grows as a herbaceous vine with a scrambling or climbing habit which can reach 3 m (10 ft) in length.[3] It has shiny green leaf-like structures (phylloclades) which are flattened stems rather than true leaves. They measure up to 4 cm long by 2 cm wide.[2] The pendent white flowers appear over winter and spring, from July to September.[3] It is rhizomatous, and bears tubers which reach 6 cm (2.4 in) by 2 cm (1.8 in) in size.[2]Distribution and habitatIt ranges throughout tropical Africa, south to Namibia,[2] and the fynbos in South Africa, as far south as Cape Town.[3] It has become naturalised in parts of southern California.[4] UsesAsparagus asparagoides, often under the name smilax,[5][6] is commonly used in floral arrangements or home decorating.[7]Invasive speciesA. asparagoides is a major weed species in southern Australia and in New Zealand. In Australia, it is listed as a Weed of National Significance. It was introduced to Australia from South Africa around 1857, for use as a foliage plant, especially in bridal bouquets (hence the common name). It has escaped into the bush and smothers the native vegetation with the thick foliage and thick underground mat of tubers which restrict root growth of other species. It is recognised as one of the 20 "weeds of national significance". The seeds are readily spread in the droppings of birds, rabbits and foxes, as well as the plant extending its root system.[8] CSIRO have introduced several biological controls in an attempt to reduce the spread and impact of the weed.[9]In New Zealand A. asparagoides is listed under the National Pest Plant Accord and is classified as an "unwanted organism".[10] A. asparagoides has also escaped cultivation in California.[11][12]References1. ^The Plant List, Asparagus asparagoides (L.) Druce 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|author1=Eggli, Urs |author2=Hartmann, Heidrun E. K. |author3=Albers, Focke |author4=Meve, Ulrich |title=Illustrated handbook of succulent plants|publisher=Springer|volume=6|pages=231|isbn=3-540-41692-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1bjwYOO_Zt0C&pg=PA231&dq=Asparagus+asparagoides#v=onepage&q=Asparagus%20asparagoides&f=false}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite book|author1=Manning, John |author2=Paterson-Jones, Colin |title=Field guide to fynbos|publisher=Struik|year=2007|pages=58|isbn=1-77007-265-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uG71ye3wQY8C&pg=PA58&dq=Asparagus+asparagoides#v=onepage&q=Asparagus%20asparagoides&f=false}} 4. ^{{cite book|last=Clarke|first=Oscar F. |title=Flora of the Santa Ana River and environs: with references to world botany|publisher=Heyday|year=2007|pages=92|isbn=1-59714-050-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ttXkOuiglwkC&pg=PA93&dq=Asparagus+asparagoides#v=onepage&q=Asparagus%20asparagoides&f=false}} 5. ^{{cite web | title = smilax | url = http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/smilax | work = Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary }} 6. ^smilax at yourdictionary.com 7. ^{{Cite book | title = Principles of flower arrangement | author = Edward Albert White | isbn = 978-1-4297-5688-4 | year = 1923 | url = http://www.oldandsold.com/articles23/flower-arrangement-9.shtml | postscript = }} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.weeds.crc.org.au/main/wom_bridal_creeper.html |accessdate=2006-04-30 |work=weed of the month |title=bridal creeper |publisher=CRC weed management |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051215072601/http://weeds.crc.org.au/main/wom_bridal_creeper.html |archivedate=2005-12-15 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ento.csiro.au/biocontrol/bridal.html |title=Bridal creeper, Asparagus asparagoides|publisher=CSIRO Division of Entomology |accessdate=2006-04-30| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20060509083226/http://www.ento.csiro.au/biocontrol/bridal.html| archivedate= 9 May 2006 | deadurl= no}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/pests/smilax|title=Smilax|publisher=Biosecurity New Zealand|accessdate=2009-01-13}} 11. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242101424 | title = 2. Asparagus asparagoides (Linnaeus) Druce | work = Flora of North America }} 12. ^{{cite web | url = http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ASAS4 | title = Asparagus asparagoides (L.) Druce: African asparagus fern | work = PLANTS }} Further reading
External links
7 : Asparagus|Flora of South Africa|Creepers of South Africa|Plants described in 1753|Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus|Garden plants of Southern Africa|Vines |
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