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词条 Bleeding diathesis
释义

  1. Symptoms

     Complications 

  2. Causes

      Acquired    Autoimmune causes of acquired coagulation disorders   Causes other than coagulation 

  3. Genetic

  4. Diagnosis

     Comparing coagulation tests 

  5. Treatments

  6. References

  7. External links

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In medicine (hematology), bleeding diathesis (h(a)emorrhagic diathesis) is an unusual susceptibility to bleed (hemorrhage) mostly due to hypocoagulability (a condition of irregular and slow blood clotting), in turn caused by a coagulopathy (a defect in the system of coagulation). Therefore, this may result in the reduction of platelets being produced and leads to excessive bleeding.[1] Several types of coagulopathy are distinguished, ranging from mild to lethal. Coagulopathy can be caused by thinning of the skin (Cushing's Syndrome), such that the skin is weakened and is bruised easily and frequently without any trauma or injury to the body.[2] Also, coagulopathy can be contributed by impaired wound healing or impaired clot formation.[3]

Diagnosis

Comparing coagulation tests

Laboratory findings in various platelet and coagulation disorders
Condition Prothrombin time Partial thromboplastin time Bleeding time Platelet count
Vitamin K deficiency or warfarin Prolonged Normal or mildly prolonged Unaffected Unaffected
Disseminated intravascular coagulation Prolonged Prolonged Prolonged Decreased
Von Willebrand disease Unaffected Prolonged or unaffected Prolonged Unaffected
Haemophilia Unaffected Prolonged Unaffected Unaffected
Aspirin Unaffected Unaffected Prolonged Unaffected
Thrombocytopenia Unaffected Unaffected Prolonged Decreased
Liver failure, early Prolonged Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected
Liver failure, end-stage Prolonged Prolonged Prolonged Decreased
Uremia Unaffected Unaffected Prolonged Unaffected
Congenital afibrinogenemia Prolonged Prolonged Prolonged Unaffected
Factor V deficiency Prolonged Prolonged Unaffected Unaffected
Factor X deficiency as seen in amyloid purpura Prolonged Prolonged Unaffected Unaffected
Glanzmann's thrombasthenia Unaffected Unaffected Prolonged Unaffected
Bernard-Soulier syndrome Unaffected Unaffected Prolonged Decreased or unaffected
Factor XII deficiency Unaffected Prolonged Unaffected Unaffected
C1INH deficiency Unaffected Shortened Unaffected Unaffected

Treatments

Consult a hematologist and have a regular blood check ups. Have an early diagnostic test for any blood disorders or blood diseases including hemophilia, hemorrhage, and sickle-cell anemia. Prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time blood tests are useful to investigate the reason behind the excessive bleeding. The PT evaluates coagulation factors I, II, V, VII and X, while the PTT evaluates coagulation factors I, II, V, VIII, IX, X, XI and XII. The analysis of both tests thus helps to diagnose certain disorders.[11]

Blood transfusion involves the transfer of plasma containing all the necessary coagulating factors (fibrinogen, prothrombin, thromboplastin) to help restore them and to improve the immune defense of the patient after excessive blood loss. Blood transfusion also caused the transfer of platelets that can work alongside with coagulating factors for blood clotting to commence.[12]

Different drugs can be prescribed depending on the type of disease. Vitamins (K, P and C) are essential in case of obstruction to walls of blood vessels. Also, vitamin K is required for the production of blood clotting factors, hence the injection of vitamin K (phytomenadione) is recommended to boost blood clotting.[13]

Herbal treatment is an alternative form of treatment which make use of plants to stimulate body's metabolism, stimulate blood coagulation and enhance tissue healing.

References

1. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.doctorshealthpress.com/general-health-articles/bleeding-diathesis/|title=Bleeding Diathesis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments|date=2017-06-23|work=Doctors Health Press - Daily Free Health Articles and Natural Health Advice|access-date=2018-09-17|language=en-US}}
2. ^{{cite journal |last= Douglas |first= Hubble | name-list-format = vanc |title=Cushing' Syndrome and Thymic Carcinoma |journal=QJM: An International Journal of Medicine |date=April 1949 |volume=18 |issue=2 | pages = 133–147 |doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.qjmed.a066529 }}
3. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Amin C, Sharathkumar A, Griest A | title = Bleeding diathesis and hemophilias | journal = Handbook of Clinical Neurology | volume = 120 | pages = 1045–59 | date = 2014-01-01 | pmid = 24365370 | doi = 10.1016/B978-0-7020-4087-0.00070-X }}
4. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/coagulopathy|title=Coagulopathy - an overview {{!}} ScienceDirect Topics|website=www.sciencedirect.com|language=en|access-date=2018-09-17}}
5. ^1 2 3 4 Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome The International Patient Organisation for Primary Immunodeficiencies (IPOPI).
6. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 [https://books.google.com/books?id=d2bQQr3A-iMC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false Disorders of thrombosis and hemostasis: clinical and laboratory practice. Page ] Rodger L. Bick. Edition 3, illustrated. {{ISBN|0-397-51690-8}}, {{ISBN|978-0-397-51690-2}}. 446 pages
7. ^1 2 Vitamin K Deficiency eMedicine. Author: Pankaj Patel, MD. Coauthor(s): Mageda Mikhail, MD, Assistant Professor. Updated: Dec 18, 2008
8. ^1 2 3 Hemophilia Complications By Mayo Clinic staff. May 16, 2009
9. ^1 2 3 Von Willebrand disease --> Complications By Mayo Clinic staff. Feb. 7, 2009
10. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = McCain J | title = The future of gene therapy | journal = Biotechnology Healthcare | volume = 2 | issue = 3 | pages = 52–60 | date = June 2005 | pmid = 23393464 | pmc = 3564347 }}
11. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.walkinlab.com/prothrombintime-pt-winrandpartialthrombopla.html|title=Prothrombin Time (PT) w/INR and Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) Blood Test|website=Walk-In Lab|language=en|access-date=2018-09-17}}
12. ^{{Cite web|url=https://iliveok.com/health/hemorrhagic-diathesis_109599i15942.html|title=Hemorrhagic diathesis: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment {{!}} Competently about health on iLive|website=iliveok.com|access-date=2018-09-17}}
13. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.netdoctor.co.uk/medicines/heart-blood/a25886/treatments-for-bleeding-disorders/|title=Treatments for bleeding disorders|date=2015-11-03|work=Netdoctor|access-date=2018-09-17|language=en-GB}}

External links

{{Medical resources
| DiseasesDB = 1442
| ICD10 = {{ICD10|D|69|9|d|65}}
| ICD9 = {{ICD9|287.9}}
| ICDO =
| OMIM =
| MedlinePlus =
| eMedicineSubj =
| eMedicineTopic =
| MeshID = D006474
}}{{Diseases of megakaryocytes}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Bleeding Diathesis}}

2 : Bleeding|Coagulopathies
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