| 词条 | Assyrian eclipse |
| 释义 |
The Assyrian eclipse, also known as the Bur-Sagale eclipse, is a solar eclipse recorded in Assyrian eponym lists, most likely dating the ninth year of the reign of king Ashur-dan III. The eclipse is identified with the one that occurred on 15 June 763 BC (proleptic Julian calendar). The entry is short and reads: "[year of] Bur-Sagale of Guzana. Revolt in the city of Assur. In the month Simanu an eclipse of the sun took place." The phrase used — shamash ("the sun") akallu ("bent", "twisted", "crooked", "distorted", "obscured") — has been interpreted as a reference to a solar eclipse since the first decipherment of cuneiform in the mid 19th century. The name Bur-Sagale (also rendered Bur-Saggile, Pur-Sagale or Par-Sagale) is the name of the limmu official in the eponymous year. In 1867, Henry Rawlinson identified near-total eclipse of 15 June 763 BC as the most likely candidate (the month Simanu corresponding to the May/June lunation),[1] visible in northern Assyria just before noon. This date has been widely accepted ever since; the identification is also substantiated by other astronomical observations from the same period.[2] This record is one of the crucial pieces of evidence providing an absolute chronology of the Ancient Near East for the Assyrian period. See also{{Portal|Ancient Near East}}
References1. ^Rawlinson, Henry Creswicke, "The Assyrian Canon Verified by the Record of a Solar Eclipse, B.C. 763", The Athenaeum: Journal of Literature, Science and the Fine Arts, nr. 2064, 660-661 [18 May 1867].[https://books.google.com/books?id=L5dTAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA660#v=onepage&q&f=true] 2. ^Hermann Hunger, "Zur Datierung der neuassyrischen Eponymenliste," Altorientalische Forschungen, Vol. 35:2, 2008, pp. 323-325. An English translation is available on the web: 3. ^Schaumberger, Johann 3. Ergänzungsheft zum Ersten und Zweiten Buch von Franz Xaver Kugler, Sterndienst and Sternkunde in Babel, Münster in Westfalen, Verlag der Aschendorffschen Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1935, pp. 340-344 [https://archive.org/stream/gri_33125008378909#page/n109/mode/1up]; Hermann Hunger, "A Scheme for Intercalary Months from Babylonia," in Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes,67. Band, Wien 1975, pp. 21-28. Cf. also Hermann Hunger's article in Reallexikon der Assyriologie, Band 10, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York, 2005, p. 592. 4. ^Gerber, Manuel "A Common Source for the Late Babylonian Chronicles Dealing with the Eighth and Seventh Centuries," Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 120:4, October–December 2000, p. 559 External links
6 : Assyriology|Chronology|Solar eclipses|Ancient astronomy|Assyria|760s BC |
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