| 释义 |
- Species
- See also
- References
- External links
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Atelopus certus calling male edit.jpg
| image_caption = Male A. certus
| taxon = Atelopus
| authority = Duméril and Bibron, 1841
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text
| synonyms =Ateleopus Agassiz, 1846 (unjustified emendation)
}}Atelopus is a large genus of true toads, commonly known as harlequin toads or stubfoot toads, from Central and South America, ranging as far north as Costa Rica and as far south as Bolivia. Atelopus species are small, generally brightly colored, and diurnal (opposite of nocturnal). Most species are associated with mid-to-high elevation streams. This genus has been greatly affected by amphibian declines, and many species are now considered endangered, while others already are extinct. While threatened by habitat loss, pollution, and introduced species, the primary cause of these declines appears to be the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis.[1][2] For example, there are 32 known Atelopus species (including half a dozen undescribed) in Ecuador. One of these is data deficient (its status is unclear), two are endangered and the remaining are critically endangered.[3] Almost half the Ecuador species have not been recorded in a decade or more and are likely extinct. In some species conservationists have established captive colonies as a safeguard.[3]New Atelopus species are discovered with some regularity, and many new species have been described in the last decade. Among others, a new subspecies, popularly dubbed the purple fluorescent frog, was discovered in 2007 by scientists Paul Ouboter and Jan Mol during a follow-up survey of the Nassau plateau in Suriname.[4] Leeanne Alonso from Conservation International, the organisation that led the expedition, said this frog may be threatened by illegal gold mining.[5] It was described as a new subspecies of Atelopus hoogmoedi (itself considered a subspecies of A. spumarius by some), named A. h. nassaui in 2012.[6] Species| Common name | Binomial name |
|---|
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| Andes stubfoot toad | Atelopus andinus {{small>Rivero, 1968}} | | Angelito stubfoot toad | Atelopus angelito {{small>Ardila-Robayo and Ruiz-Carranza, 1998}} | | Ardila's stubfoot toad | Atelopus ardila {{small>Coloma, Duellman, Almendariz, Ron, Teran-Valdez, and Guayasamin, 2010}} | Atelopus arthuri {{small>Peters, 1973}} | Rio Pescado stubfoot toad | Atelopus balios {{small>Peters, 1973}} | | Atelopus barbotini {{small>Lescure, 1981}} | | Azuay stubfoot toad | Atelopus bomolochos {{small>Peters, 1973}} | | Boulenger's stubfoot toad | Atelopus boulengeri {{small>Peracca, 1904}} | | Rio Carauta stubfoot toad | Atelopus carauta {{small>Ruiz-Carranza & Hernández-Camacho, 1978}} | | Venezuelan yellow frog or La Carbonera stubfoot toad | Atelopus carbonerensis {{small>Rivero, 1974}} | | Guajira stubfoot toad | Atelopus carrikeri {{small>Ruthven, 1916}} | | Darien stubfoot toad or Toad Mountain harlequin frog | Atelopus certus {{small>Barbour, 1923}} | | Chiriqui harlequin frog | Atelopus chiriquiensis {{small>Shreve, 1936}} | | Chocó stubfoot toad | Atelopus chocoensis {{small>Lötters, 1992}} | | Atelopus chrysocorallus {{small>La Marca, 1996}} | | Rio Faisanes stubfoot toad | Atelopus coynei {{small>Miyata, 1980}} | | Veragua stubfoot toad | Atelopus cruciger {{small>(Lichtenstein & Martens, 1856)}} | | Atelopus dimorphus {{small>Lötters, 2003}} | | Huila stubfoot toad | Atelopus ebenoides {{small>Rivero, 1963}} | | Elegant stubfoot toad | Atelopus elegans {{small>(Boulenger, 1882)}} | | Atelopus epikeisthos {{small>Lötters, Schulte & Duellman, 2005}} | | Carabaya stubfoot toad | Atelopus erythropus {{small>Boulenger, 1903}} | | Malvasa stubfoot toad | Atelopus eusebianus {{small>Rivero & Granados-Díaz, 1993}} | | Atelopus eusebiodiazi {{small>Venegas, Catenazzi, Siu-Ting & Carrillo, 2008}} | | Atelopus exiguus {{small>Boettger, 1892}} | | Atelopus famelicus {{small>Rivero & Morales, 1995}} | | Forest stubfoot toad | Atelopus farci {{small>Lynch, 1993}} | | Cayenne stubfoot toad | Atelopus flavescens {{small>Duméril & Bibron, 1841}} | | Central Coast stubfoot toad | Atelopus franciscus {{small>Lescure, 1974}} | | Antado stubfoot toad | Atelopus galactogaster {{small>Rivero & Serna, 1993}} | | Pirri Range harlequin frog | Atelopus glyphus {{small>Dunn, 1931}} | | Guanujo stubfoot toad | Atelopus guanujo {{small>Coloma, 2002}} | | La Guitarra stubfoot toad | Atelopus guitarraensis {{small>Osorno-Muñoz, Ardila-Robayo & Ruiz-Carranza, 2001}} | | Morona-Santiago stubfoot toad | Atelopus halihelos {{small>Peters, 1973}} | | Quito stubfoot toad | Atelopus ignescens {{small>(Cornalia, 1849)}} | | Atelopus laetissimus {{small>Ruiz-Carranza, Ardila-Robayo & Hernández-Camacho, 1994}} | | Limosa harlequin frog | Atelopus limosus {{small>Ibáñez, Jaramillo & Solís, 1995}} | | El Tambo stubfoot toad | Atelopus longibrachius {{small>Rivero, 1963}} | | Longnose stubfoot toad | Atelopus longirostris {{small>Cope, 1868}} | | Atelopus lozanoi {{small>Osorno-Muñoz, Ardila-Robayo & Ruiz-Carranza, 2001}} | | Lynch's stubfoot toad | Atelopus lynchi {{small>Cannatella, 1981}} | | Atelopus mandingues {{small>Osorno-Muñoz, Ardila-Robayo & Ruiz-Carranza, 2001}} | | Mindo stubfoot toad | Atelopus mindoensis {{small>Peters, 1973}} | | Colombian stubfoot toad | Atelopus minutulus {{small>Ruiz-Carranza, Hernández-Camacho & Ardila-Robayo, 1988}} | | Mittermeier's stubfoot toad | Atelopus mittermeieri {{small>Acosta-Galvis, Rueda-Almonacid, Velásquez-Álvarez, Sánchez-Pacheco & Peña Prieto, 2006}} | | Hernandez's stubfoot toad | Atelopus monohernandezii {{small>Ardila-Robayo, Osorno-Muñoz & Ruiz-Carranza, 2002}} | | Mucubaji stubfoot toad | Atelopus mucubajiensis {{small>Rivero, 1974}} | | La Arboleda stubfoot toad | Atelopus muisca {{small>Rueda-Almonacid & Hoyos, 1992}} | | Atelopus nahumae {{small>Ruiz-Carranza, Ardila-Robayo & Hernández-Camacho, 1994}} | | Atelopus nanay {{small>Coloma, 2002}} | | Gualecenita stubfoot toad | Atelopus nepiozomus {{small>Peters, 1973}} | | Niceforo's stubfoot toad | Atelopus nicefori {{small>Rivero, 1963}} | | Atelopus onorei {{small>Coloma, Lötters, Duellman & Miranda-Leiva, 2007}} | | Atelopus orcesi {{small>Coloma, Duellman, Almendáriz, Ron, Terán-Valdez & Guayasamin, 2010}} | | Rednose stubfoot toad | Atelopus oxyrhynchus {{small>Boulenger, 1903}} | | Schmidt's stubfoot toad | Atelopus pachydermus {{small>(Schmidt, 1857)}} | | Andersson's stubfoot toad | Atelopus palmatus {{small>Andersson, 1945}} | | Pataz stubfoot toad | Atelopus patazensis {{small>Venegas, Catenazzi, Siu-Ting & Carrillo, 2008}} | | San Isidro stubfoot toad | Atelopus pedimarmoratus {{small>Rivero, 1963}} | | Peru stubfoot toad | Atelopus peruensis {{small>Gray & Cannatella, 1985}} | | Peters' stubfoot toad | Atelopus petersi {{small>Coloma, Lötters, Duellman & Miranda-Leiva, 2007}} | | Atelopus petriruizi {{small>Ardila-Robayo, 1999}} | | Painted stubfoot toad | Atelopus pictiventris {{small>Kattan, 1986}} | | Pinango stubfoot toad | Atelopus pinangoi {{small>Rivero, 1982}} | | Napo stubfoot toad | Atelopus planispina {{small>Jiménez de la Espada, 1875}} | | Atelopus pulcher {{small>Boulenger, 1882}} | | Atelopus pyrodactylus {{small>Venegas & Barrio, 2006}} | | Atelopus quimbaya {{small>Ruiz-Carranza & Osorno-Muñoz, 1994}} | | Atelopus reticulatus {{small>Lötters, Haas, Schick & Böhme, 2002}} | | Anori stubfoot toad | Atelopus sanjosei {{small>Rivero & Serna, 1989}} | | Upper Amazon stubfoot toad | Atelopus seminiferus {{small>Cope, 1874}} | | Pass stubfoot toad | Atelopus senex {{small>Taylor, 1952}} | | Atelopus sernai {{small>Ruiz-Carranza & Osorno-Muñoz, 1994}} | | Atelopus simulatus {{small>Ruiz-Carranza & Osorno-Muñoz, 1994}} | | Atelopus siranus {{small>Lötters &Henzl, 2000}} | | Sonsón stubfoot toad | Atelopus sonsonensis {{small>Vélez-Rodriguez & Ruiz-Carranza, 1997}} | | Cloud forest stubfoot toad | Atelopus sorianoi {{small>La Marca, 1983}} | | Pebas stubfoot toad | Atelopus spumarius {{small>Cope, 1871}} | | Condoto stubfoot toad | Atelopus spurrelli {{small>Boulenger, 1914}} | | Bogota stubfoot toad | Atelopus subornatus {{small>Werner, 1899}} | | Venezuela stubfoot toad | Atelopus tamaensis {{small>La Marca, García-Pérez & Renjifo, 1990}} | | Three-colored stubfoot toad | Atelopus tricolor {{small>Boulenger, 1902}} | | Veragoa stubfoot toad | Atelopus varius {{small>(Lichtenstein & Martens, 1856)}} | | Atelopus vogli {{small>Müller, 1934}} | | Walker's stubfoot toad | Atelopus walkeri {{small>Rivero, 1963}} | | Panamanian golden frog | Atelopus zeteki {{small>Dunn, 1933}} | |
See also{{Wikispecies|Atelopus}}{{Commons category|Atelopus}}References1. ^Lötters, Kielgast, Bielby, Schmidtlein, Bosch, Veith, Walker, Fisher, Rödder (2009). The Link Between Rapid Enigmatic Amphibian Decline and the Globally Emerging Chytrid Fungus. EcoHealth 6(3): 358-372
2. ^Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani and Young, editors (2008). Threatened Amphibians of the World. Pp. 100, 160-178. {{ISBN|978-84-96553-41-5}}
3. ^1 Tapia; Coloma; Pazmiño-Otamendi; and Peñafiel (2017). Rediscovery of the nearly extinct longnose harlequin frog Atelopus longirostris (Bufonidae) in Junín, Imbabura, Ecuador. Neotropical Biodiversity 3 (1).
4. ^{{Cite web | url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/19028712/ns/technology_and_science-science/ | title=MSN | Outlook, Office, Skype, Bing, Breaking News, and Latest Videos}}
5. ^{{cite news | last = Zabarenko | first = Deborah | coauthors = | title = Purple frog among 24 new species found in Suriname| work = | pages = | publisher = Reuters | date = 2007-06-04 | url = https://www.reuters.com/article/scienceNews/idUSN0449513020070604 | accessdate = 2007-05-06 }}
6. ^Amphibians of Suriname, Paul E. Ouboter and Rawien Jairam, Brill 2012, {{ISBN|978-90-04-21075-2}}
External links- Atelopus.com - Fighting to Survive
- Ranas Arlequines
- Bufonidae. Amphibiaweb
{{Taxonbar|from=Q780071}} 7 : Atelopus|Toads|Amphibians of Central America|Amphibians of South America|Amphibian genera|Taxa named by Gabriel Bibron|Taxa named by André Marie Constant Duméril |