| 词条 | Block Island Southeast Light | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Block Island Southeast Light | image_name = Block Island Southeast Light, May, 2015.jpg | image_width = | caption = The Block Island Southeast Light in May, 2015 | location= South East Light Road, New Shoreham, Rhode Island | coordinates = {{coord|41|9|12.3|N|71|33|7.7|W|region:US_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | pushpin_map = USA Rhode Island#USA | pushpin = lighthouse | pushpin_mapsize = 220px | yearbuilt = 1875 | yearlit = 1875 | automated = 1990 | yeardeactivated = 1990-1994 | foundation = Granite / Concrete / Brick | construction = Red brick | shape = Octagonal pyramidal tower attached to dwelling | marking = Natural with black lantern | height = {{convert|52|ft}} | focalheight = {{convert|261|ft}} | lens = 1st order Fresnel lens (1875) | currentlens = 1st order Fresnel lens from Cape Lookout Light | intensity = | range = {{convert|20|nmi}} | characteristic = Fl Green 5 sec | fogsignal = Horn, 1 every 30 sec | racon = | admiralty = J0650 | canada = | NGA = | ARLHS = USA-062 | USCG = 1-640[1][2][3] |module={{Infobox NRHP | embed = yes | name =Block Island South East Light | nrhp_type = nhl | image = Block Island Southeast Light USCG.JPG | caption = | area = | architect= US Light House Board; Tynan, T.H. | architecture= Gothic | designated_nrhp_type= September 24, 1997[4] | added = August 6, 1990[5] | governing_body = Private | refnum=90001131 (NRHP) 97001264 (NHL)[5] }}}} Block Island Southeast Light is a lighthouse located on Mohegan Bluffs at the southeastern corner of Block Island, Rhode Island. It was designated a U.S. National Historic Landmark in 1997 as one of the most architecturally sophisticated lighthouses built in the United States in the 19th century.[4][6]Description and HistoryAlthough Congress appropriated $9,000 to build this light in 1856, the funds were used to build a new Block Island North Light after the old one was washed away in a storm. This light was finally built in 1874, with the lamp first lit on February 1, 1875. It is a sophisticated expression of the Gothic Revival executed in brick, and was a marked contrast to earlier lighthouses, which were generally more functional in appearance. The main tower is {{convert|67|ft|m}} in height, with an octagonal granite foundation and brick exterior, which rises to a cast iron parapet and open gallery around the lantern chamber. This is topped by a sixteen-sided pyramidal copper roof with a ball ventilator and lightning rod. The original roof was cast iron, and was replaced in 1994.[6] The keeper's house is attached to the tower by a 1-1/2 story connecting wing. It is a 2-1/2 story brick structure with identical projecting 1-1/2 story kitchen wings at its rear, and a steeply-pitched gable roof with windows extending into the roofline. There are porches on either side of the connector, one for each of the two dwellings in the building, which were originally identical. That on the southwest side has retained original trim, which includes beveled, bracketed posts. The north wing was designated for the keeper, while the south wing was for his assistants. The only major alterations to the residences have been for the introduction of modern plumbing (in 1938) and the repair of storm-related damage. The roof was originally shingled, and since been covered by a variety of materials, most recently slate shingles.[6] The original optic was a first order Fresnel lens standing about {{convert|12|ft}} tall with four circular wicks burning lard (pig) oil. The lard oil was replaced by kerosene in the 1880s. The lens was modified in 1929 to rotate floating on a pool of mercury, at first driven by a clockwork mechanism, which was replaced by a small electric motor. In 1990, the Coast Guard deactivated the light and replaced it with a nearby steel tower. Because of ongoing erosion of the bluffs, in 1993 the entire 2,000 ton structure was moved about {{convert|300|ft}} back from the cliffs. After the move, the Coast Guard decided not to retain the rotating mercury float lens, but instead installed the first order fixed lens which had been removed in 1980 from the Cape Lookout Lighthouse.[1] Ownership of the lighthouse was transferred in 1992 to the Southeast Lighthouse Foundation, which is dedicated to its preservation.[6] The light was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990, and designated a National Historic Landmark in 1997.[5] The latter designation was made in recognition of the light's historic importance as an aid to navigation, and for its sophisticated architecture, which was only matched by the Cleveland Light, which was demolished in the early 20th century. As of its 1997 designation, it was one of only twelve lighthouses which used a first-order Fresnel lens.[6] MuseumThe lighthouse has a small museum and gift shop in the base of the tower.[1] The tower is open during the summer season offering guided tours to the top, for a fee of ten dollars as of September 2015. Proceeds from tours are used for restoration of the lighthouse.[7] Keepers and Assistants
See also{{Portal|Rhode Island}}
References1. ^1 2 {{cite uscghist|RI}} 2. ^{{cite uscgll|1|2013|7}} 3. ^{{cite rowlett|ri|date=2013-04-08}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=-1849338372&ResourceType=Structure|title=Block Island South East Light|accessdate=2008-05-04|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080924061924/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=-1849338372&ResourceType=Structure|archivedate=2008-09-24|df=}} 5. ^1 2 {{NRISref|2007a}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url={{NHLS url|id=97001264}}|title=NHL nomination for Block Island South East Lighthouse|accessdate=2014-10-27|publisher=National Park Service}} 7. ^Daytripper's Guide: Block Island {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013125219/http://seagrant.gso.uri.edu/daytrip/block_island.html |date=October 13, 2007 }}; University of Rhode Island Sea Grant; retrieved on October 22, 2007 External links{{Commons category|Block Island Southeast Light}}
Images 14 : Lighthouses in Washington County, Rhode Island|Lighthouse museums in Rhode Island|Museums in Washington County, Rhode Island|New Shoreham, Rhode Island|Lighthouses completed in 1874|Lighthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island|National Historic Landmark lighthouses|National Historic Landmarks in Rhode Island|National Register of Historic Places in Washington County, Rhode Island|1867 establishments in Rhode Island|Brick buildings and structures|Relocated buildings and structures in Rhode Island|Historic American Engineering Record in Rhode Island|Gothic Revival architecture in Rhode Island |
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