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词条 Atlantic bamboo rat
释义

  1. Description

  2. Etymology

  3. Distribution and habitat

  4. Ecology

  5. Phylogeny

  6. Status

  7. References

{{Short description|A genus of mammals belonging to the spiny rat family of rodents}}{{speciesbox
| name = Atlantic bamboo rat
| fossil_range = Pleistocene to Recent
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = [1]
| display_parents = 3
| genus = Kannabateomys
| parent_authority = Jentink, 1891
| species = amblyonyx
| authority = Wagner, 1845
| subdivision_ranks = Subspecies
| subdivision =K. a. amblyonyx Wagner, 1845
K. a. pallidior Thomas, 1903
}}

The Atlantic bamboo rat (Kannabateomys amblyonyx), or southern bamboo rat, is a spiny rat species from South America, found in humid tropical forests in Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. It is the only member of the genus Kannabateomys.[2]

Description

The Atlantic bamboo rat can reach a head-and-body length of {{convert|25|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} with a tail of {{convert|32|cm|in|1|abbr=on}}. Its weight is about {{convert|475|g|lb|0|abbr=on}}. The pelage is the typical agouti brown-to-grey colour of many rodents, grading to chestnut on the flanks. The chin and underparts are white tinged with reddish brown. The first {{convert|6|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} of the tail are well-haired but the rest is sparsely haired. There is a distinct tuft of hairs at the tip. When fully grown, this bamboo rat with its long tail is unlikely to be mistaken for any other species.[3]

Etymology

The genus name Kannabateomys derives from the three ancient greek words {{wikt-lang|grc|κάννα}} ({{grc-transl|κάννα}}), meaning "reed, cane", {{wikt-lang|grc|βατέω}} ({{grc-transl|βατέω}}), meaning "to mount", and {{wikt-lang|grc|μῦς}} ({{grc-transl|μῦς}}), meaning "mouse, rat".[4][5][6]

The species name amblyonyx derives from the two ancient greek words {{wikt-lang|grc|ἀμβλύς}} ({{grc-transl|ἀμβλύς}}), meaning "blunt, not sharp", and {{wikt-lang|grc|ὄνυξ}} ({{grc-transl|ὄνυξ}}), meaning "claw, fingernail".[4][5]

Distribution and habitat

This species is native to South America, where its range includes southeastern Brazil, eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina. Typical habitat is moist forests near water with dense understorey of bamboos. It is particularly associated with the giant bamboo Guadua angustifolia, which forms thickets.[7]

Ecology

The Atlantic bamboo rat is nocturnal and is highly arboreal, scrambling around in trees and bamboos, especially near water. The home range is about {{convert|1000|m2|yd2|abbr=on}}. When alarmed it issues loud squeals.[3] It probably feeds on grasses, leaves, shoots, fruits and tubers.[8]

Phylogeny

Kannabateomys is a member of the Echimyini clade of arboreal Echimyidae rodents. Its closest relatives are Dactylomys and Olallamys. These South American bamboo rats share unique features and are grouped under the informal clade name of "Dactylomyines".[9] The dactylomyines are the sister genera to Diplomys and Santamartamys. All these taxa are closely related to the genera Echimys, Phyllomys, Makalata, Pattonomys, and Toromys. In turn, these genera share phylogenetic affinities with the clade containing Lonchothrix and Mesomys, and with Isothrix.[10]{{cladogram
|title=Genus-level cladogram of the Echimyini.
|caption=The cladogram has been reconstructed from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA characters.[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][10]
|align=center
|clades={{Cladogram of Echimyini genera}}
}}

Status

K. amblyonyx is not a common species. In the state of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil, for example, it has been recorded as having a density of just over four individuals per square kilometre. As a nocturnal animal it is seldom seen, but it has an extensive range and is presumed to have a large total population. In some places, such as in the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil, it is threatened locally by forest clearance, but other specific threats have not been identified and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as "least concern".[1]

References

1. ^1 {{IUCN2008|assessor=Catzeflis, F.|assessor2=Patton, J.|assessor3=Percequillo, A.|assessor4=Bonvicino, C.|assessor5=Weksler, M.|year=2008|id=10957|title=Kannabateomys amblyonyx|downloaded=28 August 2015}}
2. ^{{MSW3 Hystricognathi | id = 13400415 | page = 1576 | heading = Genus Kannabateomys}}
3. ^1 {{cite book|author1= Eisenberg, John F.|author2= Redford, Kent H.|title=Mammals of the Neotropics, Volume 3: Ecuador, Bolivia, Brazil|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p2MDAzCeQQoC&pg=PA481 |year=2000 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-19542-1 |page=481}}
4. ^1 {{Cite book |title=Abrégé du dictionnaire grec français |last=Bailly |first=Anatole |date=1981-01-01 |publisher=Hachette |isbn=978-2010035289 |location=Paris |oclc=461974285 }}
5. ^1 {{Cite web |url=http://www.tabularium.be/bailly/ |title=Greek-french dictionary online |last=Bailly |first=Anatole |date= |website=www.tabularium.be |access-date=December 7, 2017}}
6. ^{{Cite book|last=Palmer|first=T. S.|year=1904|title=Details - Index generum mammalium: a list of the genera and families of mammals. - Biodiversity Heritage Library|pages=356|publisher=Washington, Govt. Print. Off.|language=en|doi=10.5962/bhl.title.39809}}
7. ^Londoño, X. 2000. Guadua. In E. J. Judziewicz, R. J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P. M. Peterson, T. S. Filgueiras & F. O. Zuloaga (eds.) Catalogue of New World Grasses (Poaceae): I. Subfamilies Anomochlooideae, Bambusoideae, Ehrhartoideae, and Pharoideae, Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 39: 58–62. Smithsonian Institution, Washington
8. ^{{cite book|author=Lord, Rexford D.|title=Mammals of South America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iTt13fynOBIC&pg=PA64 |year=2007 |publisher=JHU Press |isbn=978-0-8018-8494-8 |page=64}}
9. ^{{Cite book|title=Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Vol 6. Lagomorphs and Rodents I|last1=Fabre|first1=Pierre-Henri|last2=Patton|first2=James L.|author2-link=James L. Patton|last3=Leite|first3=Yuri L. R.|year=2016|isbn=978-84-941892-3-4|editor-last1=Wilson|editor-first1=Don E.|editor-last2=Lacher|editor-first2=Thomas E. Jr|editor-last3=Mittermeier|editor-first3=Russell A.|publisher=Lynx Edicions|location=Barcelona|pages=552–641|chapter=Family Echimyidae (hutias, South American spiny-rats and coypu)|title-link=Handbook of the Mammals of the World}}
10. ^1 {{Cite journal|last=Fabre|first=Pierre-Henri|last2=Upham|first2=Nathan S.|last3=Emmons|first3=Louise H.|author-link3=Louise H. Emmons|last4=Justy|first4=Fabienne|last5=Leite|first5=Yuri L. R.|last6=Loss|first6=Ana Carolina|last7=Orlando|first7=Ludovic|last8=Tilak|first8=Marie-Ka|last9=Patterson|first9=Bruce D.|last10=Douzery|first10=Emmanuel J. P.|date=2017-03-01|title=Mitogenomic Phylogeny, Diversification, and Biogeography of South American Spiny Rats|url=https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/34/3/613/2739699/Mitogenomic-Phylogeny-Diversification-and|journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution|volume=34|issue=3|pages=613–633|doi=10.1093/molbev/msw261|pmid=28025278|issn=0737-4038}}
11. ^{{Cite journal |last=Lara |first=Márcia C. |last2=Patton |first2=James L. |author-link2=James L. Patton |last3=da Silva |first3=Maria Nazareth F. |year=1996 |title=The Simultaneous Diversification of South American Echimyid Rodents (Hystricognathi) Based on Complete Cytochrome b Sequences |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=403–413 |doi=10.1006/mpev.1996.0035|pmid=8728398 }}
12. ^{{Cite journal |last1=Leite |first1=Yuri L. R. |last2=Patton |first2=James L. |author-link2=James L. Patton |year=2002 |title=Evolution of South American spiny rats (Rodentia, Echimyidae): the star-phylogeny hypothesis revisited |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=455–464 |doi=10.1016/s1055-7903(02)00279-8}}
13. ^{{Cite journal |last=Galewski |first=Thomas |last2=Mauffrey |first2=Jean-François |last3=Leite |first3=Yuri L. R. |last4=Patton |first4=James L. |last5=Douzery |first5=Emmanuel J. P. |year=2005 |title=Ecomorphological diversification among South American spiny rats (Rodentia; Echimyidae): a phylogenetic and chronological approach |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=601–615 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2004.11.015|pmid=15683932 }}
14. ^{{Cite journal |last=Upham |first=Nathan S. |last2=Patterson |first2=Bruce D. |year=2012 |title=Diversification and biogeography of the Neotropical caviomorph lineage Octodontoidea (Rodentia: Hystricognathi) |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1055790312000371 |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=63 |issue=2 |pages=417–429 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2012.01.020|pmid=22327013 }}
15. ^{{Cite journal |last=Fabre |first=Pierre-Henri |last2=Galewski |first2=Thomas |last3=Tilak |first3=Marie-ka |last4=Douzery |first4=Emmanuel J. P. |date=2013-03-01 |title=Diversification of South American spiny rats (Echimyidae): a multigene phylogenetic approach |journal=Zoologica Scripta |language=en |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=117–134 |doi=10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00572.x |issn=1463-6409}}
16. ^{{Cite journal|last=Loss|first=Ana|last2=Moura|first2=Raquel T.|last3=Leite|first3=Yuri L. R.|date=2014|title=Unexpected phylogenetic relationships of the painted tree rat Callistomys pictus (Rodentia: Echimyidae)|url=http://www.naturezaonline.com.br/natureza/conteudo/pdf/05_LossACetal_132-136.pdf|journal=Natureza on Line|volume=12|pages=132–136|via=}}
17. ^{{Cite journal |last=Fabre |first=Pierre-Henri |last2=Vilstrup |first2=Julia T. |last3=Raghavan |first3=Maanasa |last4=Der Sarkissian |first4=Clio |last5=Willerslev |first5=Eske |last6=Douzery |first6=Emmanuel J. P. |last7=Orlando |first7=Ludovic |date=2014-07-01 |title=Rodents of the Caribbean: origin and diversification of hutias unravelled by next-generation museomics |url=http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/10/7/20140266 |journal=Biology Letters |language=en |volume=10 |issue=7 |pages=20140266 |doi=10.1098/rsbl.2014.0266 |pmid=25115033 |issn=1744-9561|pmc=4126619 }}
18. ^{{Cite book |title=Biology of caviomorph rodents: diversity and evolution |last1=Upham |first1=Nathan S. |last2=Patterson |first2=Bruce D. |publisher=SAREM Series A, Mammalogical Research — Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos |year=2015 |isbn= |editor-last1=Vassallo |editor-first1=Aldo Ivan |location=Buenos Aires |pages=63–120 |chapter=Evolution of Caviomorph rodents: a complete phylogeny and timetree for living genera |editor-last2=Antenucci |editor-first2=Daniel}}
{{Echimyidae nav}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q301578}}

2 : Echimyidae|Mammals described in 1845
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