| 词条 | Atta laevigata |
| 释义 |
|image = Atta laevigata casent0173811 profile 1.jpg |image_caption = A. laevigata worker |regnum = Animalia |phylum = Arthropoda |classis = Insecta |ordo = Hymenoptera |familia = Formicidae |genus = Atta |species = A. laevigata |binomial = Atta laevigata |binomial_authority = (Smith, 1858)[1] }}Atta laevigata (Smith, 1858) is one of about a dozen species of leafcutter ants in the genus Atta, found from Venezuela south to Paraguay. This species is one of the largest leafcutter species, and can be recognized by the smooth and shining head of the largest workers in a colony. Atta laevigata is known in northern South America as hormiga culona (literally translated as "big-assed ant") or as bachaco.[2] CuisineThe hormiga culona has been eaten for hundreds of years, as a tradition inherited from pre-Columbian cultures as the Guanes. The ants are harvested for about nine weeks every year, at the time of the rainy season, which is when they make the nuptial flight; A. laevigata are used as traditional gifts in weddings. There are local beliefs that the ants are aphrodisiacs.[3] The harvesting is done by local peasants who are often wounded by the ants, since the ants have strong mandibles. Only the queens are collected, because the other ants are not considered edible. The legs and wings are removed; after that, the ants are soaked in salty water and roasted in ceramic pans. The main centers of production of ants are the municipalities of San Gil and Barichara. From there, the trade of ants is extended to Bucaramanga and Bogotá, where the packages containing ants are often seen during the season. The exportation of this product is mainly made to Canada, England and Japan.{{citation needed|date=August 2015}} Analyses conducted at the Industrial University of Santander about the nutritional value of the ants[4] show high level of protein, very low levels of saturated fat, and an overall high nutritional value.{{citation needed|date=August 2015}} Atta laevigata is a temporary source of income for the poor peasants of the area. This and the competition for resources with more aggressive species of leafcutter ants ("arrieras") cause a progressive decrease of the population of ants, as estimated in recent studies[5] in a remaining of only a sixth of the existent population twelve years ago, and for this reason there is concern about its conservation status.{{citation needed|date=August 2015}} References1. ^{{cite web|title=Atta laevigata|work=AntWeb |url=https://www.antweb.org/description.do?rank=species&genus=atta&name=laevigata|publisher=California Academy of Sciences |accessdate=2016-07-11}} 2. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WTveCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT303#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Routledge Handbook of Sustainable Food and Gastronomy|editor=Philip Sloan|editor2=Willy Legrand|editor3=Clare Hindley|publisher=Routledge|year=2015|page=303}} 3. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H6pIinfPtnQC&pg=PA94#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=They Eat That? A Cultural Encyclopedia of Weird and Exotic Food from around the World|editor=Jonathan Deutsch|editor2=Natalya Murakhver|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2012|page=94|isbn=978-0-313-38058-7|lccn=2011032630}} 4. ^Alfonso Villalobos et al., 1999{{full citation needed|date=November 2012}} 5. ^Santamaria et al. 2005{{full citation needed|date=November 2012}} External links
5 : Atta (genus)|Insects as food|Colombian cuisine|Hymenoptera of South America|Insects described in 1858 |
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