| 词条 | Australian realism |
| 释义 |
OriginsAustralian realism began after John Anderson accepted the Challis Chair of Philosophy at the University of Sydney in 1927. His students included philosophers such as John Passmore, J. L. Mackie, David Stove, Eugene Kamenka and David Malet Armstrong. Anderson viewed philosophy historically as a long argument beginning with Thales. Anderson proposed that there was nothing more to being than the spatio-temporal system and that a correct and coherent view of the world involved not only rejecting any sort of deity, but also the extraordinary entities postulated by so many philosophers, from at least the time of Plato to the present day.[6]{{rp|chs1-2}} Independently from the Andersonians, in Adelaide during the 1950s, the mind–brain identity theory was being developed by two former students of Gilbert Ryle, J. J. C. Smart (then Chair of Philosophy at the University of Adelaide) and Ullin Place.[6]{{rp|ch9}} Basic tenets(1) All entities exist in spatio-temporal 'situations'. 'Situations' are all that exist. All situations have the same ontological status. There are no 'levels' of reality. (2) All situations have a propositional form — that is, all situations have the form of "A is B". (3) Reality is infinitely complex and plural. Every fact (which includes every “object”) is a complex situation: there are no simples, no atomic facts, no objects which cannot be expanded into facts. (4) All situations exist independent of knowledge of them. (5) Determinism: all entities — objects, events, situations — are caused. (6) Ethics is concerned with establishing and describing what is Good. This is a positive science. It is not normative.[7] See also
References1. ^{{cite book | last = Baker | first = A. J. | title = Australian Realism: The Systematic Philosophy of John Anderson | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge | year = 1986 | isbn = 0-521-32051-8}} 2. ^{{cite book | last = Passmore | first = John | title = John Anderson and twentieth century philosophy | publisher = University of Sydney | location = Sydney | year = 2001| url = http://setis.library.usyd.edu.au/anderson/ | ref = harv}} 3. ^{{cite book | last = Warren | first = William | title = Philosophical Dimensions of Personal Construct Psychology | publisher = Routledge | location = New York | year = 1998 | isbn = 0-415-16850-3 | ref = harv}} 4. ^{{cite book | last = Sparkes | first = A. W. | title = Talking Philosophy | publisher = Routledge | location = New York | year = 1991 | isbn = 0-415-04223-2 | ref = harv}} 5. ^Monash University - A History of Australasian Philosophy 6. ^1 {{cite book | last = Franklin | first = James | title = Corrupting the Youth: A History of Philosophy in Australia | publisher = Macleay Press | location = Sydney | year = 2003| isbn = 1-876492-08-2}} 7. ^Jeffery, Renée, "Australian Realism", Remembering Hedley, ANU E Press, 2008 External links
6 : Australian culture|Materialism|Metaphysical realism|Philosophical movements|Philosophical schools and traditions|Australian philosophy |
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