| 词条 | Avro Bison | |||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Avro 555 Bison was a British single-engined fleet spotter/reconnaissance aircraft built by Avro. Development and designThe Bison was designed to meet British Specification 3/21 for a carrier-based fleet spotter and reconnaissance aircraft. An order for three prototypes was placed in October 1921, together with three of the competing design from Blackburn Aircraft, the Blackburn Blackburn.[1] Avro's design, the Type 555 Bison, was a two-bay biplane, powered, like the Blackburn, by a Napier Lion engine. The deep slab-sided fuselage was constructed of steel tube, with the pilot sitting in an open cockpit forward of the wings, and the engine cowling sloping steeply down ahead of the pilot. An enclosed cabin with large rectangular windows on each side housed the navigator and radio operator and all their equipment, with sufficient headroom to stand upright, while a cockpit for a gunner armed with a Lewis gun on a Scarff ring was provided in the rear fuselage. The upper wings were mounted directly on the top of the fuselage.[2] The first prototype flew in 1921,[2] with an order for 12 Bison Is following.[3] The aircraft had handling problems, however, caused by interference of the pilots cockpit with the airflow over the upper wing. This was resolved by revising the wing design of the second prototype, raising the centre section of the upper wing by 2 ft (0.6 m) and removing dihedral from the upper wings, flying in this form in April 1923.[4] Further production orders followed with these modifications incorporated as the Bison II,[5] while some Bison Is were modified to a similar standard, sometimes known as the Bison IA.[6] A Bison I was fitted with floats and retractable wheels but tests proved the design was not suitable for seaborne use.[7] Operational historyAlthough designed for a naval requirement the first deliveries were to the Royal Air Force in 1922 to replace the Westland Walrus for coastal reconnaissance work with No. 3 Squadron RAF.[8] In April 1923, 3 Squadron was broken up to form a number of Fleet Spotter Flights of the Fleet Air Arm. Naval aircraft served on {{HMS|Argus|I49|6}}, {{HMS|Eagle|1918|6}} and {{HMS|Furious|47|2}} and onshore at Gosport, England and Hal Far, Malta.[9][10] The aircraft were retired in 1929 when they were replaced by the Fairey IIIF.[11] Operators
Variants
Three prototypes to Air Ministry specification 3/21.
Twelve Lion II powered production aircraft, survivors rebuilt as IAs
Bison Is modified with a biplane gap and additional dorsal fin.
Improved variant with biplane gap modification, 23 built.
One Bison I converted to an amphibian to meet Air Ministry Specification 8/23, not ordered into production. Specifications (Bison II){{aircraft specifications|plane or copter?=plane |jet or prop?=prop |ref=Avro Aircraft since 1908 [12] |crew=four |length main=36 ft 0 in |length alt= 10.98 m |span main=46 ft 0 in |span alt= 14.02 m |height main=14 ft 2 in |height alt= 4.32 m |area main=630 ft2 |area alt= 58.6 m2 |empty weight main=4,116 lb |empty weight alt= 1,871 kg |loaded weight main= |loaded weight alt= |max takeoff weight main=6,132 lb |max takeoff weight alt= 2,787 kg |engine (prop)=Napier Lion II |type of prop= |number of props=1 |power main=480 hp |power alt=358 kW |max speed main=108 mph |max speed alt=94 knots, 174 km/h |cruise speed main=90 mph |cruise speed alt=78 knots, 145 km/h |range main= 360 mi |range alt=313 nmi, 580 km |ceiling main= 12,000 ft |ceiling alt= 3,660 m |climb rate main=450 ft/min |climb rate alt= 2.3 m/s |loading main= |loading alt= |power/mass main= |power/mass alt= |guns=1 × fixed forward firing .303 in Vickers machine gun and 1 × .303 in (7.7 mm) Lewis Gun on Scarff ring |bombs=Provision for underwing bomb racks }} See also{{aircontent|related= |similar aircraft=
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|see also= }} References{{commons category|Avro Bison}}1. ^Harlin 1983, p. 41. 2. ^1 Jackson 1990, p. 204. 3. ^Harlin 1983, p. 43. 4. ^Harlin 1983, pp. 45–45. 5. ^Harlin 1983, p. 46. 6. ^Harlin 1983, p. 47. 7. ^Jackson 1990, p. 205. 8. ^Jackson 1990, p. 206. 9. ^Thetford 1978, pp. 40–41. 10. ^Harlin 1983, pp. 48–50. 11. ^Harlin 1983, pp. 50–51. 12. ^Jackson 1990, p. 208.
5 : British military reconnaissance aircraft 1920–1929|Avro aircraft|Single-engined tractor aircraft|Biplanes|Aircraft first flown in 1921 |
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