| 词条 | Baboquivari Peak Wilderness |
| 释义 |
| name = Baboquivari Peak Wilderness | iucn_category = Ib | photo = BoboquivariEastFace.jpg | photo_caption = View of the east face of Baboquivari Peak | map = Arizona#USA | relief = 1 | map_caption = | map_alt = A map of the United States showing the location of the Baboquivari Peak Wilderness | location = Pima County, Arizona, U.S. | nearest_city = Tucson, Arizona | coordinates = {{coords|31.7914724|-111.5756642|region:US-NV|notes=[1]|display=inline, title}} | area = {{convert|2065|acre|0}} | designated = {{start date|1990}} | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | governing_body = Bureau of Land Management }} The Baboquivari Peak Wilderness is a {{convert|2065|acre|km2|0|adj=on}} wilderness area in the U.S. state of Arizona. It is located in the Baboquivari Mountains {{convert|50|mi|km}} southwest of Tucson, Arizona.[2] It is administered by the Bureau of Land Management. The United States Congress designated the Baboquivari Peak Wilderness in 1990. It is the smallest such designated wilderness in the state of Arizona. Today, the {{convert|2900000|acre|km2|adj=on}} Tohono O'odham Nation (second largest in the United States) lies to the west. Baboquivari Peak's elevation is 7,730 feet (2,356 m). It is a popular site for many climbers, tourists and other visitors to Arizona and can be seen in the distance from the Kitt Peak National Observatory. The mountain was well known as a place to find flint for arrow points. It is translated as BA BO QUAY VI RA, the place for the mother lode of flint. (America, Land of the Rising Sun—Don Smithana). {{stack|}}Baboquivari Peak Wilderness is reported to have some of the best backcountry rock climbing in Arizona. It can be visited any time of the year; however, summer afternoons are usually too hot for hiking, and winter can bring an occasional snow shower to the peak's highest elevations. Sightings of jaguars have been recorded in the Baboquivaris during the last decades.[3] Cultural significanceBaboquivari Peak is the most sacred place to the Tohono O'odham people. It is the center of the Tohono O'odham cosmology and the home of the creator, I'itoi. According to tribal legend, he resides in a cave below the base of the mountain.[4] This mountain is regarded by the O'odham nation as the navel of the world — a place where the earth opened and the people emerged after the great flood. Baboquivari Peak is also sometimes referred to as I'Itoi Mountain. In the native O'odham language, it is referred to as Waw Kiwulik, meaning "narrow about the middle". The O'odham people believe that he watches over their people to this day.[4][5] Baboquivari Peak was mentioned in the journals of Jesuit missionary Padre Kino, who made many expeditions into this region of the Sonoran Desert, beginning in 1699 and establishing Spanish Missions in the area.[6][7] Legend surrounding BaboquivariAccording to O'odham nation legend at the beginning of the Spanish conquest of what is present day Arizona, a certain Spanish officer and his men tried to dig their way into Baboquivari. Suddenly, the ground under them opened and Baboquivari swallowed them. This legend has similarities to Francisco Vásquez de Coronado search for the Seven Cities of Cibola and a place called Quivira, where, he was told, he could get his hands on unlimited quantities of gold.[8] Natural featuresThere are a considerable number of topographic features within the Baboquivari Mountains, one of the most notable being Fresnal Canyon. Numerous flora and fauna species are found in the Baboquivari Peak Wilderness; among these is the desert tree Bursera fagaroides.[9] See also
References1. ^{{cite gnis |id=2035044 |name=Baboquivari Peak Wilderness |accessdate=June 23, 2012}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=Baboquivari Peak Wilderness Area |publisher=Bureau of Land Management |url=http://www.blm.gov/az/st/en/prog/blm_special_areas/wildareas/baboquivari.1.html |accessdate=January 17, 2015 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6VfBtIh0S?url=http://www.blm.gov/az/st/en/prog/blm_special_areas/wildareas/baboquivari.1.html |archivedate=January 18, 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }} 3. ^{{cite journal|first1=Emil B. |last1=Mccain |first2=Jack L. |last2=Childs |title=Evidence of resident jaguars (Panthera onca) in the Southwestern United States and the implications for conservation |journal=Journal of Mammalogy |volume=89 |issue=1 |pages=1–10 |year=2008 |url=http://www.mammalsociety.org/uploads/McCain%20and%20Childs%202008.pdf |accessdate=January 17, 2015 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6VfC9IzFU?url=http://www.mammalsociety.org/uploads/McCain%20and%20Childs%202008.pdf |archivedate=January 18, 2015 |doi=10.1644/07-mamm-f-268.1 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 4. ^1 {{cite web|title=Baboquivari Mountain Petroglyphs, AZ (Tohono O'odham) |year=2004 |publisher=The Pluralism Project |url=http://www.pluralism.org/reports/view/172 |accessdate=January 17, 2015 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6VfAtBu8l?url=http://www.pluralism.org/reports/view/172 |archivedate=January 18, 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }} 5. ^{{cite web|title=Kitt Peak National Observatory |publisher=National Optical Astronomy Observatory |url=http://www.noao.edu/outreach/kptour/kpno_tohono.html |accessdate=January 17, 2015 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6VfBIIeUB?url=http://www.noao.edu/outreach/kptour/kpno_tohono.html |archivedate=January 18, 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }} 6. ^{{cite document|title=Baboquivari Peak Wilderness and Coyote Mountain Wilderness |publisher=Bureau of Land Management |url=http://www.blm.gov/style/medialib/blm/az/pdfs/nepa/library/wilderness_plans.Par.94102.File.dat/Baboquivari-Coyote-WMP.pdf |accessdate=January 17, 2015 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6VfBVFd1n?url=http://www.blm.gov/style/medialib/blm/az/pdfs/nepa/library/wilderness_plans.Par.94102.File.dat/Baboquivari-Coyote-WMP.pdf |archivedate=January 18, 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }} 7. ^{{cite book |title=Rock Climbing Arizona |page=89 |first=Stewart M. |last=Green |year=1999 |publisher=FalconGuides |isbn=9781560448136}} 8. ^{{cite book |title=India Once Rule the Americas! |first=Gene |last=Matlock |page=31 |year=2000 |isbn=9780595134687 |publisher=iUniverse}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=Elephant Tree Bursera microphylla |first=C. Michael |last=Hogan |date=October 11, 2009 |publisher=iGoTerra |url=http://www.igoterra.com/artspec_information.asp?thingid=90792 |accessdate=January 17, 2015 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6VfCKUfue?url=http://www.igoterra.com/artspec_information.asp?thingid=90792 |archivedate=January 18, 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }} External links
8 : IUCN Category Ib|Religious places of the indigenous peoples of North America|Protected areas of Pima County, Arizona|Wilderness Areas of Arizona|Landforms of Pima County, Arizona|Bureau of Land Management areas in Arizona|Mountains of Pima County, Arizona|Tohono O'odham Nation |
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