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词条 BMW 3 Series (E36)
释义

  1. Development and launch

  2. Body styles

  3. Suspension

  4. Drivetrain

  5. Engines

      Petrol   Diesel 

  6. M3 model

  7. Hatchback ("Compact") body style

  8. Z3 Roadster/Coupe

  9. Markets

     Thailand   United States and Canada  

  10. Special models

     318is Mtechnic  325is Mtechnic 

  11. Motorsports

  12. References

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}{{Infobox automobile
| name = BMW 3 Series (E36)
| image = 1992 BMW 320i (15538594776) (cropped).jpg
| manufacturer = BMW
| production = October 1990[1] – 2000
| assembly = {{ubl
|Germany: Munich
|Germany: Regensburg
|Egypt: 6th of October City
|Mexico: Toluca[2]
|South Africa: Rosslyn
|United States: Spartanburg
}}
| class = Compact executive car (D)
| body_style = {{ubl
|2-door coupé
|2-door convertible
|4-door sedan/saloon
|5-door wagon/estate
}}
| related = BMW Z3
BMW 3 Series Compact
| layout = Front-engine, rear-wheel drive
| engine = {{ubl
|Petrol:
|1.6–1.9 L M40/M42/M43/M44 4-cyl
|2.0–3.2 L M50/M52/S50/S52 6-cyl
|Diesel:
|1.7 L M41 turbo 4-cyl
|2.5 L M51 turbo 6-cyl
}}
| wheelbase = {{convert|2700|mm|in|0|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|4433|mm|in|0|abbr=on}}[3]
| width = {{convert|1710|mm|in|0|abbr=on}}[3]
| height = {{convert|1366|-|1390|mm|in|0|abbr=on}}[3]
| weight = {{convert|1315|-|1395|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}[3]
| predecessor = BMW 3 Series (E30)
| successor = BMW 3 Series (E46)
}}

The BMW E36 is the third generation of the BMW 3 Series range of compact executive cars, and was produced from October 1990 to 2000. The initial models were of the four-door sedan body style, followed by the coupe, convertible, wagon ("Touring") and hatchback ("Compact") body styles in later years.

The E36 was the first 3 Series to be offered in a hatchback body style. It was also the first 3 Series to be available with a six-speed manual transmission (in the 1996 M3), a five-speed automatic transmission and a four-cylinder diesel engine. The multi-link rear suspension was also a significant upgrade compared with previous generations of 3 Series.

Following the introduction of its successor, the E46 3 Series in 1998, the E36 began to be phased out.

The E36 was named in Car and Driver magazine's 10Best list for every year it was on sale.[4]

The E36 M3 is powered by the BMW S50 or BMW S52 straight-six engine (depending on country). The E36 M3 was released in 1992 and was available in coupé, sedan and convertible body styles.

Development and launch

Development of the E36 began in 1981[5] and the exterior design was heavily influenced by aerodynamics, specifically the overall wedge shape, headlight covers and smaller wing mirrors.[6] The lead designers were Pinky Lai[7] and Boyke Boyer.[8][9]

The E36 production was launched in October 1990, with press release in November and market launch in early 1991.[10]

{{clear}}

Body styles

The body styles of the range are:

  • 4-door sedan/saloon, sold from 1991 to 1998.[11]
  • 2-door coupé, sold from January 1992[12] to 1999.
  • 2-door convertible, sold from 1993 to 1999. A Baur "Top Cabriolet" conversion was also available.
  • 5-door wagon/estate (marketed as "Touring"), sold from 1994 to 1999.
  • 3-door hatchback (see BMW 3 Series Compact), sold from 1993 to 2000.[13]

Suspension

The sedan, coupé, convertible and Touring models use the "Z-axle" multilink suspension in the rear, which was introduced in the BMW Z1 roadster.

The hatchback ("Compact") models use a rear semi-trailing arm suspension based on the older E30 3 Series design. This was done in order to save space due to the truncated rear end of the hatchback.

Drivetrain

The E36 was produced with the following transmissions:

  • 5-speed manual
  • 6-speed manual (1996-1999 M3- except for United States)
  • 4-speed automatic
  • 5-speed automatic

Engines

{{unreferenced section|date=September 2017}}

Petrol

The four-cylinder petrol engines used in the E36 range were initially engines carried over from the previous generation 3 Series: the BMW M40 SOHC engine and the BMW M42 DOHC engine. In 1993, the M40 was replaced by the BMW M43 SOHC engine and the M42 was replaced in 1996 by the BMW M44 DOHC engine.

For the six-cylinder models, the E36 was launched with the then-new BMW M50 DOHC petrol engines. In 1993 the M50TU versions added single-VANOS (variable valve timing), which increased torque (peak power was unchanged). In 1995, the BMW M52 engine replaced the M50TU, resulting in the 328i model replacing the 325i and the addition of a new mid-range 323i model (powered by a 2.5 litre version of the M52).

The 1992 M3 introduced the 3.0 L BMW S50 engine. In 1995, its capacity was increased to 3.2 L and VANOS was added to the intake camshaft.

Model Years Engine Power Torque
316i1990-1994 M40B16 73|kW|bhp |0|abbr=on}}
at 5,500 rpm		141|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}}
at 4,250 rpm
1993-1999 M43B1675|kW|bhp |0|abbr=on}}
at 5,500 rpm		150|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
at 3,900 rpm
318i1990-1993* M40B18 83|kW|bhp |0|abbr=on}}
at 5,500 rpm		162|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}}
at 4,250 rpm
1993-1998 M43B18 85|kW|bhp |0|abbr=on}}
at 5,500 rpm		168|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}}
at 3,900 rpm
  318is** 1992-1995 M42B18 {{convert|103|kW|bhp |0|abbr=on}}
at 6,000 rpm		175|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}}
at 4,500 rpm
1996-1998 M44B19 181|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}}
at 4,300 rpm
320i 1991-1994 M50B20 {{convert|110|kW|hp |0|abbr=on}}
at 5,900 rpm		190|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
at 4,700 rpm
1994-1998 M52B20 190|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}}
at 4,200 rpm
323i 1995-1998 M52B25125|kW|hp |0|abbr=on}}
at 5,500 rpm[14]		245|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}}
at 3,950 rpm
325i 1991-1993 M50B25 {{convert|141|kW|hp |0|abbr=on}}
at 5,900 rpm		245|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}}
at 4,700 rpm
1993-1995 M50B25TU 245|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}}
at 4,200 rpm
328i 1995-1998 M52B28 142|kW|hp |0|abbr=on}}
at 5,500 rpm		280|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
at 3,950 rpm
M3
Euro spec		 1992-1995 S50B30 213|kW|hp |0|abbr=on}}
at 7,000 rpm		320|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
at3600 rpm
1995-1998 S50B32 236|kW|hp |0|abbr=on}}
at 7,400 rpm		350|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
at3250 rpm
M3
U.S. spec		 1995 S50B30US {{convert|179|kW|hp |0|abbr=on}}
at 6,000 rpm		305|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}}
at4,250 rpm
1996-1999S52B32 320|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
at 3,800 rpm
  • Sold as 316i in South Africa
    • Sold as 318i (instead of the M40/M43-engine models) in United States and South Africa

Diesel

Model Years Engine Power Torque
318tds 1994-2000 M41D1766|kW|hp |0|abbr=on}}
at 4,400 rpm		190|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}}
at 1,900 rpm
325td 1991-1996 M51D25UL 85|kW|hp |0|abbr=on}}
at 4,400 rpm		222|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}}
at 2,000 rpm
1996-1998 M51D25TUUL85|kW|hp |0|abbr=on}}
at 4,800 rpm		230|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
at 2,000 rpm
325tds 1993-1996 M51D25OL 105|kW|hp |0|abbr=on}}
at 4,800 rpm		260|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
at 2,200 rpm
1996-1998 M51D25TUOL105|kW|hp |0|abbr=on}}
at 4,600 rpm		280|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
at 2,200 rpm

Initially, the turbocharged straight-six BMW M51 engine was used in the E36 325td model. In 1993, the 325tds model was released, which added an intercooler to the M51. In 1994, the 318tds model was introduced, powered by the four-cylinder BMW M41 turbocharged and intercooled engine.

M3 model

{{main|BMW M3}}

The E36 M3 is powered by the BMW S50 and BMW S52 straight-six engines, and was produced in coupé, sedan and convertible body styles.

{{clear right}}

Hatchback ("Compact") body style

{{main|BMW 3 Series Compact}}

The 3 Series Compact range of three-door hatchback models were introduced in 1993, based on a shortened version of the E36 platform. The model code for the hatchback body style is "E36/5" and the model range consisted of the 316i, 318ti, 323ti and 318tds.

{{clear right}}

Z3 Roadster/Coupe

{{main|BMW Z3}}

A modified version of the E36 platform was used for the 1996-2002 Z3 roadster (model code E36/7) and coupé (model code E36/8).

{{clear right}}

Markets

Thailand

The BMW E36 3 Series was imported as a Complete knock-down car. Between 1995 and 1999, the Thai market lineup included an exclusive 2.4L version of the M52 engine with {{convert|135|kW|bhp|0|abbr=on}}.{{citation needed|date=December 2015}}

United States and Canada

The North American model range consisted of:

  • 318i, 318is, 318ic (1992–1995)
  • 318ti (1994–1996)
  • 318i, 318ti (1996–1998)
  • 320i Canada only (1993-1995)
  • 323i (1996–1998) Coupe and convertible models only.
  • 323is, 323ic (1996–1999)
  • 325i, 325is, 325ic (1992)
  • 325i, 325is, 325ic (1993–1995) Coupe models sold as 325is.
  • 328i (1996–1998)
  • 328is, 328ic (1996–1999) Coupe models sold as 328is.
  • M3 (1995-1998 coupe, 1997-1998 sedan, 1997-1998 convertible) US-specific M3 engines: S50B30US (1995) and S52B32 (1996–1998)

Diesel models were not sold in the United States.[15]

Special models

318is Mtechnic

{{refimprove section|small=y|date=February 2019}}

A sport version of the 318i in coupé form which was powered by the BMW M42 DOHC engine. The 318is had an Mtech bumper, skirt, 16-inch alloy wheels, a rear spoiler, and a sportier interior.

325is Mtechnic

In 1993-1994 BMW North America produced 150 "325is Mtechnic" models. Bodyworks included the M3 front spoiler, side skirts, rear valence and rear-vision mirrors, and all were painted with BMW Alpine White III. The result was a model with the appearance of a 1995 M3, however without the higher performance engine.[16][17] Handling upgrades included 17-inch BBS alloy wheels, M Tech suspension and a limited slip differential.

Motorsports

Joachim Winkelhock competed in the British Touring Car Championship with the 318i and 320i from 1993 to 1995, winning the title in 1993. In the same year, Johnny Cecotto won the German ADAC GT Cup driving an E36 M3.[18] Cecotto won the Super Tourenwagen Cup for BMW in 1994 and 1998, Winkelhock in 1998.

Geoff Brabham and his younger brother David Brabham won the 1997 AMP Bathurst 1000 at the Mount Panorama Circuit in Bathurst, Australia driving a Super Touring BMW 320i for BMW Motorsport Australia.

The 1998 24 Hours Nürburgring was won by a diesel for the first time - a BMW E36 320d, aided by its diesel engine requiring fewer fuel stops than rivals.[19][20]

References

1. ^https://www.welt.de/motor/news/article168283979/Tradition-30-Jahre-BMW-3er-Touring.html
2. ^{{cite book|last1=Jacobs|first1=A. J.|title=The New Domestic Automakers in the United States and Canada: History, Impacts, and Prospects|date=2015|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=9780739188262|page=259|url=https://books.google.com/?id=1hTrCgAAQBAJ&lpg=PA259&dq=toluca%20mexico%20ckd%20bmw&pg=PA259#v=onepage&q=toluca%20mexico%20ckd%20bmw|accessdate=24 December 2017|language=en}}
3. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |title=The BMW 3 Series Coupés |url=http://www.infdup.com/e36/e36coupebrochure.pdf |publisher=BMW |date=1996 |accessdate=19 February 2019}}
4. ^{{cite web|title=1998 10Best Cars - 10Best Cars|url=http://www.caranddriver.com/features/1998-10best-cars-1998-bmw-328i-m3-page-3|accessdate=6 January 2017}}
5. ^{{cite web|title=3 Series - E36 (1990 - 1999)|url=http://www.bmwheaven.com/index.php/3-series/13-3?showall=1|website=www.bmwheaven.com|accessdate=21 December 2017}}
6. ^{{cite web|title=BMW 3 Series history. The third generation (E36)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ro_kiMrjtSU&t=45s|website=www.youtube.com|accessdate=21 December 2017}}
7. ^{{cite web|title=Interview with automotive designer Pinky Lai|url=http://www.designboom.com/technology/pinky-lai-interview-automotive-designer-posrche-bodw-2015-01-19-2016/|website=www.designboom.com|accessdate=3 January 2017}}
8. ^{{cite web|title=BMW car designers throughout history|url=http://www.bmwism.com/bmws_designers.htm|website=www.bmwism.com|accessdate=3 January 2017}}
9. ^{{cite book |last1=Caspers |first1=Markus |title=Designing Motion: Automotive Designers 1890 to 1990 |date=2017 |publisher=Birkhäuser |isbn=9783035607840 |page=79 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B9UXDQAAQBAJ&lpg=PA1&pg=PA79#v=onepage&q&f=false |accessdate=18 June 2018 |language=en}}
10. ^{{cite web|title=1975 The history of the BMW 3 Series|url=https://www.topspeed.com/cars/bmw/1975-the-history-of-the-bmw-3-series-ar1835.html|website=www.topspeed.com}}
11. ^{{cite web|title=BMW 3er E36 (1990-2000) |url=http://www.motor-talk.de/blogs/italeri1947-hans-hitparade-von-autos-die-keiner-wollte/bmw-3er-e36-1990-2000-t3656543.html |website=www.motor-talk.de |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026063222/http://www.motor-talk.de/blogs/italeri1947-hans-hitparade-von-autos-die-keiner-wollte/bmw-3er-e36-1990-2000-t3656543.html |language=German |archivedate=2012-10-26 |df= }}
12. ^{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xMRT2oqlIkYC&pg=PA110&lpg=PA110&dq#v=onepage&q&f=false | title=Original BMW M-Series| isbn=9780760308981| last1=Taylor| first1=James| year=2001}}
13. ^{{cite web|title=3'E36 Compact 318i model selection|url=http://www.realoem.com/bmw/enUS/select?product=P&archive=1&series=E36&body=com&model=318ti&market=EUR|website=www.realoem.com|accessdate=1 April 2017}}
14. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/12/automobiles/behind-the-wheel-bmw-323is-last-hurrahs-for-a-star-performer.html|title=BEHIND THE WHEEL/BMW 323is; Last Hurrahs for a Star Performer|last=Cobb|first=James G.|date=1998-07-12|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2016-10-31}}
15. ^{{cite web|title=RealOEM.com - Select Your BMW Model|url=http://www.realoem.com/bmw/enUS/select?product=P&archive=1&series=E36&body=Lim&model=325tds|website=www.realoem.com|accessdate=16 January 2017}}
16. ^{{cite web|title=1994 BMW M-Design 325is Coupe|url=http://www.hemmings.com/hsx/stories/2010/04/01/hmn_feature7.html|website=www.hemmings.com}}
17. ^{{cite web|title=1994 M-Technic 325is |url=http://home.comcast.net/~jay.snyder/mtech.html |website=www.home.comcast.net |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216095041/http://home.comcast.net/~jay.snyder/mtech.html |archivedate=2015-02-16 |df= }}
18. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.driverdb.com/championships/standings/adac-gt-cup-class-1/1993/|title=DriverDatabase|website=www.driverdb.com}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.usautoparts.net/bmw/racing/nurburgring.htm |title=BMW World - Nürburgring 24 Hours |website=www.usautoparts.net |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110411215540/http://www.usautoparts.net/bmw/racing/nurburgring.htm |archivedate=2011-04-11 |df= }}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://bmwsport.net/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=171 |title=BMW motorsport press release |website=www.bmwsport.net |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723030225/http://bmwsport.net/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=171 |archivedate=2011-07-23 |df= }}
{{Commons category|BMW E36}}{{BMW cars: 1980s to 2000s}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Bmw 3 Series (E36)}}

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