词条 | BMW M20 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
|image=M20B25.jpg |name=BMW M20 engine |production=1977–1993 |configuration= Straight-6 |displacement={{convert|2.0-2.7|L|cuin|0|abbr=on}} |valvetrain= SOHC |fueltype= Petrol |block= Cast iron |head= Aluminium |predecessor=None |successor=BMW M50 }} The BMW M20 is a SOHC straight-six petrol engine which was produced from 1977 to 1993. It was introduced eight years after the larger BMW M30 straight-6 engine, which remained in production alongside the M20.[1] The first cars to use the M20 were the E12 5 Series and the E21 3 Series. The initial M20 model had a displacement of {{convert|2.0|L|cuin|0|abbr=on}}, with later versions having displacements of up to {{convert|2.7|L|cuin|0|abbr=on}}.[2] The M20 began to be phased out following the introduction of the M50 engine in 1990. The final M20 engines were fitted to the E30 3 Series wagon (estate) and convertible model built in April 1993.[3] The M20 was the basis for the BMW M21 diesel engine.[4] It is also loosely related to the BMW M70 V12 petrol engine. HistoryBy the 1970s, BMW felt the need for a six-cylinder engine smaller than the BMW M30, to use in the 3 Series and 5 Series.[5]{{refpage|page=92}} The resulting M20 had a displacement of {{convert|2.0|L|cuin|0|abbr=on}}, BMW's smallest straight-six engine of its day. Later versions had displacements up to {{convert|2.7|L|cuin|0|abbr=on}} and the M20 was used in the E12 5 Series, E21 3 Series, E28 5 Series, E30 3 Series and E34 5 Series. Early versions of the M20 were sometimes referred to as the "M60",[6][7] although the BMW M60 code has since been used for a V8 engine produced from 1992-1996. DesignAs per the M30, the M20 has an iron block, aluminium head and a SOHC valvetrain with 2 valves per cylinder.[8] The major differences to the M30 are:
|mode=packed |height=150 |align=center | File: BMW M20 Engine.JPG | M20 engine- exhaust side | File: BMW M20 engine in BMW-Museum in Munich, Bayern.JPG | M20 engine- intake side | File:M20B25 block.jpg |M20 engine- block }} Models
M20B20The first models to use the M20 were the E12 520/6 and the E21 320/6, which used the {{convert|1991|cc|cuin|0|abbr=on}} M20B20.[12][13] This engine uses a bore of {{Convert|80|mm|in|2|abbr=on}} and a stroke of {{Convert|66|mm|in|2|abbr=on}}.[12] The M20B20 initially used a Solex 4A1 four-barrel carburetor,[14] had a compression ratio of 9.2:1 and a redline of 6,400 rpm. The M20B20 first became fuel-injected in 1981,[15] with Bosch K-Jetronic used.[16] The compression ratio was raised to 9.9:1. In September 1982 (coinciding with the release of the E30 3 Series), the fuel injection was updated to LE-Jetronic with a redline of 6,200 rpm. Other upgrades included a larger port (known as "731") cylinder head, a lighter block and new manifolds.{{citation needed|date=February 2019}} The M60 designation was finally dropped and replaced with M20.[17] In 1987, the M20B20 was again revised with the addition of Bosch Motronic engine management, a catalytic converter and a compression ratio of 8.8:1.[18][17] The M20B20 was not sold in North America. Applications:
M20B23Six months after the M20 was launched with the carburetted M20B20, the larger, fuel-injected M20B23 was introduced for March 1978. The initial version of the M20B23 uses the same head (known as "200") and block as the M20B20 but a longer {{Convert|76.8|mm|in|2|abbr=on}} stroke crank. The bore is {{Convert|80|mm|in|2|abbr=on}}. Fuel injection was K-Jetronic, the compression ratio is 9.5:1 and the redline is 6,400 rpm.[14] The 1982 version used LE-Jetronic, the 731 cylinder head, a compression ratio of 9.8:1 and the other upgrades as the per the M20B20; this resulted in a power output of {{convert|139|bhp|kW|0|abbr=on}}. In 1984, the fuel-injection, exhaust and camshaft were upgraded to LE-Jetronic and power increased to {{convert|150|bhp|kW|0|abbr=on|order=flip}} with a redline of 6,500 rpm.[23] The M20B23 was not sold in North America. Applications:
M20B25In 1985, the M20B25 replaced the M20B23. The M20B25 has a capacity of {{convert|2494|cc|cuin|1|abbr=on}} and initially produced {{convert|130|kW|bhp|0|abbr=on}} (without a catalytic converter).[25] It has an upgraded cylinder head (known as "885"), a bore of {{convert|84|mm|in|2|abbr=on}}, a stroke of {{convert|75|mm|in|2|abbr=on}}, a compression ratio of 9.7:1, a redline of 6,500 rpm and uses Bosch Motronic 1.1 engine management.[26][17] In 1987, the engine management was upgraded to Motronic 1.3,[27][17] the compression ratio was reduced to 9.3:1 and power was reduced to {{convert|126|kW|bhp|0|abbr=on}} for models without catalytic converters. Models with catalytic converters had a compression ratio of 8.8:1 and produced {{convert|125|kW|bhp|0|abbr=on}}. Applications:
M20B27The M20B27 was designed for efficiency (thus the e for the Greek letter eta in 325e) and low-rev torque.[28] This is an unusual design strategy for a BMW straight-six engine, which are usually designed for power at high RPM. Compared with the M20B25, the stroke is increased from {{convert|75|to|81|mm|in|2|abbr=on}}, resulting in a capacity of {{convert|2693|cc|cuin|1|abbr=on}}.[26] As per the M20B25, the bore is {{Convert|84|mm|in|2|abbr=on}}. To reduce friction and improve efficiency, the M20B27 changes include using the '200' version of the head (which has smaller ports), a different camshaft, four camshaft journals and softer valve springs. Due to these changes the rev limit on the M20B27 was reduced to 4,800 rpm. A compression ratio of 9.0:1 was used on the US 528e, and 11:1 on Euro 525e and 325e cars - this was reduced to 10.3:1 in 1985.[29] The initial M20B27 engines produces {{convert|123|bhp|kW|0|abbr=on|order=flip}} and {{convert|177|lb·ft|N.m|abbr=on|order=flip}} at 3,250 rpm for models without a catalytic converter.[26] Models with a catalytic converter produce {{convert|121|bhp|kW|0|abbr=on|order=flip}} and {{convert|170|lb·ft|N.m|abbr=on|order=flip}}. Since many markets tax cars based on engine displacement, the eta's larger displacement meant that it was not suitable for all markets. It was expressly developed with the American market in mind. BMW's corporate average fuel economy was at risk of not meeting requirements by 1984, primarily due to higher sales of their bigger, more expensive cars in the early 1980s.[30] The first car to use the M20B27 was the US market 528e in 1982. In late 1987, the fuel injection was upgraded to Motronic 1.3 on the US market plastic bumper 325e 'Super Eta',[31][32] the cylinder head changed to the "885" version, the compression ratio was reduced to 8.5:1 and the redline increased to 5,200 rpm.[33] Power output increased to {{convert|127|bhp|kW|0|abbr=on|order=flip}} at 4,800 rpm. In the early 1990s BMW South Africa used components from the Alpina C3 2.7 to produce an E30 specifically for Stannic Group N production car racing. The first iteration of this engine used in the E30 325iS produced {{convert|145|kW|bhp|0|abbr=on}} and the second revision, often referred to as "Evo2" or on the VIN plate as "HP2" produced {{convert|155|kW|bhp|0|abbr=on}}. Applications:
See Also{{Commons category|BMW M20 engine}}
References1. ^{{cite web|title=BMW M30|url=http://www.bmw-tech.org/wiki/BMW_M30|website=www.bmw-tech.org|accessdate=2 December 2017}} {{BMW automotive petrol engines: 1960s to 1980s}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Bmw M20}}2. ^{{cite web|title=Engine Of The Day: BMW M20|url=https://jalopnik.com/5348352/engine-of-the-day-bmw-m20|website=www.jalopnik.com|accessdate=18 September 2017}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.autoevolution.com/cars/bmw-3-series-touring-e30-1986.html|title=BMW 3 Series Touring (E30) (1988 - 1993)|work=autoevolution}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.usautoparts.net/bmw/engines/m21.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-06-05 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120105003459/http://www.usautoparts.net/bmw/engines/m21.htm |archivedate=2012-01-05 |df= }} 5. ^{{cite book|last1=Lewin|first1=Tony|title=The BMW Century|date=2016|isbn=978 0 7603 5017 1}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bmwccbc.org/resources/index.html|title=Useful info and resources|publisher=BMW Car Club of BC|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120613171917/http://www.bmwccbc.org/resources/index.html|archivedate=2012-06-13|df=}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.unixnerd.demon.co.uk/m20.html|title=The UnixNerd's Domain - BMW M20 Six Cylinder Engines|author=John G.Burns|publisher=}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=BMW M20B20 Engine|url=https://mywikimotors.com/m20b20/|website=www.mywikimotors.com|accessdate=18 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915064709/http://mywikimotors.com/m20b20/|archive-date=2017-09-15|dead-url=yes|df=}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=M20 6-cylinder engine|url=http://www.usautoparts.net/bmw/engines/m20.htm|website=www.usautoparts.net |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502043709/http://www.usautoparts.net/bmw/engines/m20.htm|archivedate=2 May 2014}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.usautoparts.net/bmw/engines/m50.htm |title=M50 Engine |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512014705/http://www.usautoparts.net/bmw/engines/m50.htm |archivedate=12 May 2012 }} 11. ^{{cite web|title=M50 Engine Technical Information (E36)|url=https://bmw3series.johnavis.com/blog/654/m50-engine-e36/|website=www.johnavis.com|accessdate=18 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917212442/http://bmw3series.johnavis.com/blog/654/m50-engine-e36|archive-date=2017-09-17|dead-url=yes|df=}} 12. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.carfolio.com/specifications/models/car/?car=119361|title=1977 BMW 520|publisher=}} 13. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.specs4bmw.com/e21/3-series/sedan |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-12-21 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627125125/http://www.specs4bmw.com/e21/3-series/sedan |archivedate=2015-06-27 |df= }} 14. ^1 {{Cite book | title = World Cars 1981 | publisher = The Automobile Club of Italy/Herald Books | editor-last = Lösch | editor-first = Annamaria | location = Pelham, NY | page = 107 | year = 1981 | isbn = 0-910714-13-4 }} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.automobile-catalog.com/car/1982/262835/bmw_520i_4-speed.html|title=1982 BMW 520i 4-speed (for Europe ) specs review|work=www.automobile-catalog.com}} 16. ^Automobil Revue '83, p. 205 17. ^1 2 3 {{cite book | title = Automobil Revue 1987 | editor-last = Büschi | editor-first = Hans-Ulrich | publisher = Hallwag AG | location = Berne, Switzerland | language = German, French | pages = 184–186 | volume = 82 |date=March 5, 1987 | isbn = 3-444-00458-3 }} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.e30club.com/bmw-e30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126124748/http://www.e30club.com/bmw-e30|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2011-11-26|title=BMW e30 - BMW e30 Club|publisher=}} 19. ^{{cite web|title=5' E28 520i FUEL INJECTION K-JETRONIC|url=http://www.realoem.com/bmw/en/showparts?id=4071-EUR-07-1981-E28-BMW-520i&diagId=13_0150|website=www.realoem.com|accessdate=21 September 2017}} 20. ^{{cite web|title=5' E28 520i Control unit L-jetronic|url=http://www.realoem.com/bmw/en/showparts?id=4051-EUR-01-1983-E28-BMW-520i&diagId=13_0241|website=www.realoem.com|accessdate=21 September 2017}} 21. ^{{cite web|title=5' E28 520i Control unit L-jetronic|url=http://www.realoem.com/bmw/en/showparts?id=4051-EUR-08-1985-E28-BMW-520i&diagId=13_0241|website=www.realoem.com|accessdate=21 September 2017}} 22. ^{{cite web|title=5' E28 520i Uncoded DME control unit|url=http://www.realoem.com/bmw/en/showparts?id=4031-EUR-07-1987-E28-BMW-520i&diagId=12_1305|website=www.realoem.com|accessdate=21 September 2017}} 23. ^{{cite journal | title = Automobil Revue '84 | editor-last = Büschi | editor-first = Hans-Ulrich | publisher = Hallwag, AG | language = German, French | page = 179 | location = Berne, Switzerland | volume = 79 | date = March 1, 1984 | isbn = 3-444-06070-X }} 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bmwheaven.com/database/show.php?id=133|title=BMW Heaven Specification Database - Specifications for BMW 323i E21 (1977-1982)|author=Ilir Dibrani|publisher=www.bmwheaven.com}} 25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bmwheaven.com/database/engine.php?type=M20|title=BMW Heaven Specification Database - Engine specifications for M20 engines|author=Ilir Dibrani|publisher=www.bmwheaven.com}} 26. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://e30world.com/specifications/BMW-E30-specs-table |title= BMW E30 Specifications |website=www.e30world.com |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130224032538/http://e30world.com/specifications/BMW-E30-specs-table |archivedate=24 February 2013}} 27. ^{{cite web|title=3' E30 325i Uncoded DME control unit|url=http://www.realoem.com/bmw/en/showparts?id=1411-EUR-01-1988-E30-BMW-325i&diagId=12_0856|website=www.realoem.com|accessdate=21 September 2017}} 28. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.e30info.com/pages/diff.htm|title=BMW e30 1983-1991 differences between models|publisher=www.e30info.com}} 29. ^{{cite web|title=M20B27 Engine Specs|url=http://www.e30tech.com/forum/showthread.php?t=13930|website=www.e30tech.com|accessdate=21 September 2017}} 30. ^{{cite journal | ref = AG94 | journal = De AutoGids | number = 94 | volume = 4 | page = 130 | title = BMW: Met de ETA op de zuinige tor | trans-title = BMW: With Eta on an economy run | first = Vic | last = Heylen | language = Flemish | date = 1983-04-28 | publisher = Uitgeverij Auto-Magazine | location = Brussels, Belgium }} 31. ^Automobil Revue '83, p. 206 32. ^{{cite book | title = Auto Katalog 1986 | publisher = Vereinigte Motor-Verlage GmbH & Co. KG | editor-last = Heitz | editor-first = Rudolf | location = Stuttgart | page = 210 | volume = 29 | language = German | date = 1985-08-01 | id = 81530/85001 }} 33. ^{{cite web|title=325e|url=http://www.e30zone.net/e30zonewiki/index.php/325e|website=www.e30zone.net|accessdate=21 September 2017}} 1 : BMW engines |
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