| 词条 | Bach (New Zealand) |
| 释义 |
A bach (pronounced 'batch') ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|æ|tʃ}} (also called a crib in the southern half of the South Island) is a small, often very modest holiday home or beach house in New Zealand. Baches are an iconic part of the country's history and culture. In the middle of the 20th century, they symbolized the beach holiday lifestyle that was becoming more accessible to the middle class.[1] Bach was thought to be originally short for bachelor pad,[2] but actually they often tended to be a family holiday home. An alternative theory for the origin of the word is that {{wikt-lang|cy|bach}} is the Welsh word for small and little. The phrase TyBach (small house) is used for outbuildings, with sizable population of Welsh miners relocated to New Zealand during mining booms. Today the word is pronounced differently to the original Welsh, ({{IPA-cy| ˈbaːχ}}) similar to the German name "J S Bach". Baches began to gain popularity in the 1950s as roads improved and the increasing availability of cars allowed for middle-class beach holidays, often to the same beach every year. With yearly return trips being made, baches began to spring up in many family vacation spots. ConstructionPost-World War IIThey are almost always small structures, usually made of cheap or recycled material like fibrolite (asbestos cement sheet), corrugated iron or used timber.[3] They were influenced by the backwoods cabins and sheds of the early settlers and farmers. Other baches used a caravan as the core of the structure, and built extensions on to that. Many cities were dismantling tram systems in the 1950s, and old trams were sometimes used as baches, most noticeably on the coast of the Coromandel Peninsula on the Firth of Thames, to which more than 100 trams were relocated. A reconstructed example of a typical bach from the 1950s can be found in National Maritime Museum on Princes Wharf in central Auckland.[4] The period-furnished bach is complemented with an adjacent beach shop with original products from that time. While older baches tend to be fibrolite lean-to structures, modern kit-set buildings are becoming popular amongst bach owners. Some figures estimate that more than 50,000 baches exist around New Zealand (population {{Decimals|{{formatnum:{{NZ population data|New Zealand|y}}|R}}/1000000|1}} million people). Recent timesEarly baches rarely enjoyed amenities like connections to the water and electricity grid or indoor toilets. They were furnished basically, often with secondhand furniture. In more recent times the basic bach has been replaced by the modern "holiday house", more substantial, more expensive (reflecting increasing affluence, and vastly increased coastal land values) and usually professionally built (due to stricter building codes). Another important change has been the subdivision of coastal land, with increasing numbers of residents and visitors, bringing traffic, cafes, mobile phone coverage, craft shops and other conveniences to what were originally empty beaches and bush-filled gullies. Some bach-dotted beaches in the 1950s have today become suburban areas. Legal statusOld baches often have "existing use" rights under the 1991 Resource Management Act in areas where newer planning regulations would not allow even such modest residential or part-time residential buildings.[5] As such they are quite prized, even though authorities typically look unfavourably on proposals to convert them into full residential buildings. See also
References1. ^Te Ara, Encyclopedia of New Zealand (encyclopedia section about holiday life) 2. ^{{cite book | last = Orsman | first = H. W. | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = The Dictionary of New Zealand English | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1999 | location = Auckland | pages = | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = 0-19-558347-7}} 3. ^Te Ara, Encyclopedia of New Zealand (short encyclopedia section about bach architecture) 4. ^No. 13 "Beach Shop and Bach" on Maritime Museum map with explanations{{Dead link|date=October 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, NZ National Maritime Museum, Auckland. 5. ^Resource Management Act (Department of the Environment; see 'existing use' in the actual act text) 5 : Architecture of New Zealand|New Zealand slang|House types|Houses in New Zealand|New Zealand culture |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。