| 词条 | Backus and Johnston Brewery |
| 释义 |
|name = Backus and Johnston |logo = Backus Logo.png |type = Subsidiary |slogan = |foundation = 1879 |location_city = Lima |location_country = Peru |location = |key_people = |parent = SABMiller |subsid = |num_employees = |industry = Beverage |products = Beer |homepage = www.backus.com.pe }} Backus and Johnston ({{IPA-es|ˈbakus ˈi ˈjonson}}, Backus y Johnston) is the largest brewery in Peru, part of Bavaria Brewery,[1] which itself is part of the international SABMiller group. Its main brewery is located in the Ate District of Lima. Backus, as owner of almost all brands of beer available in Peru, enjoys a de facto monopoly over Peruvian beer consumption, although recently a lot of micro-breweries have sprung up and Anheuser-Busch InBev from Brazil is trying to challenge the monopoly with their Brahma brand. Besides beer, Backus also produces soft drinks and bottled water. HistoryThe Backus and Johnston brewery was founded in 1879 by the Americans Jacob Backus and John Howard Johnston in the Rímac District in Lima. In 1889, the two founders incorporated "The Backus and Johnston's Brewery Company Ltd" in London, and they transferred all their Peruvian brewery related assets to this new corporation in order to raise investment capital in the joint stock of London to continue their business growth. The founders continued as managing directors of the company until 1898 when Johnston left Peru; Backus died in 1899. The company operated as a British corporation until 1954, when the company management transferred the company assets and incorporation to Peru. At this time, The Backus and Johnston's Brewery Company Ltd was renamed as Cervecería Backus & Johnston S.A. In 1994 Backus and Johnston acquired a controlling interest in its rival on the Peruvian beer market, the National Beer Company (Compañía Nacional de Cerveza S.A.), formed in 1863; owner of the Pilsen Callao brand. In 1996 four breweries, including Backus and Johnston merged into one new company using the name Union of Peruvian breweries Backus and Johnston ({{lang-es|Unión de Cervecerías Peruanas Backus y Johnston S.A.A.}}). In 2000 the company further expanded when the Brewery Company of Southern Peru (Cervesur) joined the union, making it owner of the popular Cusqueña brand. Since 2005 Backus and Johnston is part of the SABMiller group of breweries. The company still owns the prominently visible brewery in the Rímac district.[2] BreweriesBackus owns breweries in various parts of Peru. Its main brewery is located in Lima, while the other breweries are still located in the parts of Peru they used to serve before the take-over by Backus and Johnston.[3]
BrandsBeersBackus and Johnston and Grupo Empresarial Bavaria own most of the popular beer brands in Peru, including: San Juan, a 5% abv pale lager.[4] San Juan is brewed in the Backus brewery located in Pucallpa. Before the take-over by Backus, San Juan was brewed by Cervecería San Juan S.A.A. This brewery was founded on 2 September 1971 in Pucallpa in the Ucayali Region and named after San Juan Bautista.[5] Cusqueña is one of Peru's most ubiquitous brands, typical of a lighter porter, not quite as dark as most stouts. Arequipeña was a rival product to Cusqueña and Cristal until the take-over by Grupo Empresarial Bavaria.[6] Arequipeña is brewed in the Cervecera del sur del Peru brewery located in Sacha near Arequipa, Peru.[7][8][9] Barena;[10] Cristal[11]Cusqueña is a light lager, or a dark malted beer.[12][13] Some label designs were created by Barry Laughlin.[14]
Backus and Johnston also has a license to import Birra Peroni Nastro Azzurro in Peru. Soft drinksThe soft drinks owned by Backus include Viva, a beverage similar to Inca Kola and Guaraná, a beverage containing guaraná fruit.
Bottled waterBottled water is produced under the brand names Cristalina Backus and San Mateo.
See also{{Portal|Drink}}
References1. ^{{cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0OQC/is_4_3/ai_100463052|title=The big beer deal - Backus y Johnson, Grupo Empresarial Bavaria, and Cisneros Group |publisher=findarticles.com|accessdate=2008-05-30|last=Faber|first=J.P.| year=2002}} 2. ^Backus, Our business, History, Retrieved 12 October 2007 3. ^Backus, Our brands, Our breweries, Retrieved 13 October 2007 4. ^{{es icon}} San Juan, Presentaciones, Retrieved October 13, 2007 5. ^{{es icon}} San Juan, Historia, Retrieved 13 October 2007 6. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.alacrastore.com/storecontent/Thomson_M%26A/SABMiller_PLC_acquires_remaining_interest_in_Cia_Cervecera_Del_Sur_Del_Peru-1811632040 |title=Thomson Financial Mergers & Acquisitions - SABMiller PLC acquires remaining interest in Cia Cervecera Del Sur Del Peru (pending) - AlacraStore.com |publisher= www.alacrastore.com |accessdate=2008-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502210451/http://www.alacrastore.com/storecontent/Thomson_M%26A/SABMiller_PLC_acquires_remaining_interest_in_Cia_Cervecera_Del_Sur_Del_Peru-1811632040| archivedate= 2 May 2008 | deadurl= no}} 7. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.ratebeer.com/Ratings/Beer/ShowBrewer.asp?BrewerID=1520 |title= Cervecera del sur del Peru (Grupo Empresarial Bavaria) |publisher= www.ratebeer.com |accessdate=2008-05-30| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080609224752/http://www.ratebeer.com/Ratings/Beer/ShowBrewer.asp?BrewerID=1520| archivedate= 9 June 2008 | deadurl= no}} 8. ^Arequipeña, Arequipeña, Nuestros productos, Retrieved 13 October 2007 9. ^Backus 10. ^{{es icon}} Barena, Pásala Barena, Retrieved 12 October 2007. 11. ^{{es icon}} Cristal, Cristal, the beer of Peru, Retrieved 12 October 2007. 12. ^Cusquena website in the UK. Retrieved on October 12, 2007 13. ^Backus, Our Brands, Beers. Retrieved on October 12, 2007 14. ^Barry Laughlin's website 15. ^{{es icon}} Pilsen Callao, Pilsen Callao, 13 October 2007. 16. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.ratebeer.com/Ratings/Beer/Beer-Ratings.asp?BeerID=10582 |title=Pilsen Callao|publisher=RateBeer}} 17. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.backus.com.pe/wb.website/historia.html |title=Nuestra Historia |publisher= backus.com.pe}} 18. ^{{es icon}} Trujillo, Pilsen Trujillo, 12 October 2007. External links
5 : SABMiller|Beer in Peru|Companies based in Lima|Drink companies of Peru|Peruvian brands |
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