| 词条 | Boat-billed heron |
| 释义 |
| status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | image = Cochlearius_cochleariaPCCA20071227-8443B.jpg | genus = Cochlearius | parent_authority = Brisson, 1760 | species = cochlearius | authority = (Linnaeus, 1766) | synonyms = *Cancroma cochlearia {{small|Linnaeus, 1766}}
}} The boat-billed heron (Cochlearius cochlearius), colloquially known as the boatbill, is an atypical member of the heron family, and was formerly thought to be in a monotypic family, the Cochlearidae. It lives in mangrove swamps from Mexico south to Peru and Brazil. It is a nocturnal bird, and breeds semicolonially in mangrove trees, laying two to four bluish-white eggs in a twig nest. DescriptionThe boat-billed heron grows to about 54 cm long. Adults are pale grey to white in color, with chestnut-colored abdomens and black flanks. The massive, broad, scoop-like bill, which gives rise to this species' name, is mainly black. This bird is also adorned with a crest which is thought to be used in mate attraction as it is larger in males. The sexes are similar in appearance, the main differences being that females are slightly smaller, grayer in appearance, and have shorter crests than males.[2] Newly hatched nestlings have green-yellow skin, with their upperparts covered in gray down feathers. Their upper bill is black and they have green-yellow legs. Juveniles are darker in color than adults and lack a crest.[3] Distribution and habitatBoat-billed herons range from Mexico to Peru, Brazil, and northeastern Argentina.[4] They are nonmigratory birds that tend to live in seasonal lagoons and estuaries, and nest in mangroves.[5][6] DietBoat-billed herons feed on shrimp and small fish such as Dormitator latifrons, a species of sleeper goby.[5][7] They tend to forage in vegetative streams, shallow water, and lagoons. When foraging in streams, they use low-hanging branches and mangrove roots to stand over the water. In ponds they will walk slowly through the water up to 10 cm deep or will forage near the water's edge.[5] In order to capture prey they will lunge at fish or scoop the surface of the water with their bills which are uniquely shaped for this method of capture.[5] Additionally, they have been observed using two different feeding techniques; standing and slowly stalking prey, or disturbing the water and chasing prey.[7] Boat-billed herons will forage nocturnally, and have been seen leaving the roost 30 minutes after sundown to feed. It has been observed that they do not feed when a light source is present such as daylight, moonlight, or artificial light.[6][5] One study hypothesized that in order to forage for food in the dark and in shallow, muddy water, their bills are sensitive to touch which helps them feel for their prey.[6] BreedingBoat-billed herons breed during the rainy season and have been recorded as producing two clutches during this time, laying their first clutch in February during the end of the dry season.[4] Their clutch sizes range from two to four eggs, with more eggs being laid during the first nesting period than the second.[8] They usually nest in colonies, but have been observed nesting solitarily. Human disturbance can lead to a decrease in reproductive success, as herons tend to avoid human contact and will abandon nests if necessary.[8] References1. ^{{IUCN|id=22697250 |title=Cochlearius cochlearius |assessor=BirdLife International |assessor-link=BirdLife International |version=2013.2 |year=2012 |accessdate=26 November 2013}} 2. ^{{cite journal|last1=Rand|first1=A. L.|title=A Display of the Boat-Billed Heron, Cochlearius cochlearius|journal=The Auk|date=April 1966|volume=83|issue=2|pages=304–306|doi=10.2307/4083025|jstor=4083025}} 3. ^{{cite journal|last1=Haverschmidt|first1=F.|title=Notes on the Boat-Billed Heron in Surinam|journal=The Auk|date=January 1969|volume=86|issue=1|pages=130–131|doi=10.2307/4083548|jstor=4083548}} 4. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Gomez|first1=Jaime|last2=Gil-Delgado|first2=Jose A.|last3=Monros|first3=Juan S.|title=Double-Brooding in the Boat-Billed Heron|journal=Waterbirds: The International Journal of Waterbird Biology|date=August 2001|volume=24|issue=2|pages=282|doi=10.2307/1522043|jstor=1522043}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal|last1=Kushlan|first1=James A.|title=Feeding Repertoire of the Boat-Billed Heron (Cochlearius cochlearius)|journal=Waterbirds|date=September 2009|volume=32|issue=3|pages=408–414|doi=10.1675/063.032.0305}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite journal|last1=Mock|first1=Douglas W.|title=Feeding Methods of the Boat-Billed Heron, a Deductive Hypothesis|journal=Auk|date=1975|volume=92|issue=3|pages=590–592}} 7. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Biderman|first1=John O.|last2=Dickerman|first2=Robert W.|title=Feeding Behavior and Food Habits of the Boat-billed Heron (Cochlearius cochlearius)|journal=Biotropica|date=March 1978|volume=10|issue=1|pages=33|doi=10.2307/2388102|jstor=2388102}} 8. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Gómez|first1=J|last2=Gil-Delgado|first2=JA|last3=Monrós|first3=JS|title=Breeding success of a colony of Boat-billed Herons Cochlearius cochlearius (Ciconiiformes: Ardeidae) in pasturelands of Costa Rica|journal=Revista de Biologia Tropical|date=December 2006|volume=54|issue=4|pages=1131–4|pmid=18457150}} Further reading
| last = Hilty | first = Steven L | title = Birds of Venezuela | publisher = Christopher Helm | year = 2003 | location = London | isbn = 978-0-7136-6418-8 }}
| last = ffrench | first = Richard | title = A Guide to the Birds of Trinidad and Tobago | edition = 2nd | year = 1991 | publisher = Comstock Publishing | isbn = 978-0-8014-9792-6 }}
External links
10 : Ardeidae|Birds of Trinidad and Tobago|Wading birds|Birds of Brazil|Birds of Peru|Birds of Mexico|Birds of South America|Birds of Central America|Birds described in 1766|Articles containing video clips |
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