| 词条 | Baglihar Dam |
| 释义 |
| name = Baglihar Dam | name_official = | image = Baglihar Dam Chenab River.JPG | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = India Jammu and Kashmir | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = Location of Baglihar Dam in Jammu and Kashmir, India | coordinates = {{coord|33|09|43|N|75|19|40|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | country = India | location = Jammu and Kashmir | status = | construction_began = 1999 | opening = 2008 | demolished = | cost = | owner = | dam_type = Gravity | dam_height = {{Convert|144|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_height_foundation= | dam_length = {{Convert|317|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = {{Convert|1800000|m3|ft3|0|abbr=on}} | dam_elevation_crest ={{Convert|843|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} | dam_crosses = Chenab River | spillway_count = | spillway_type = Chute type | spillway_capacity = {{Convert|16500|m3/s|ft3/s|0|abbr=on}}[1] | res_name = | res_capacity_total = {{Convert|395950000|m3|acre.ft|0|abbr=on}}[2] | res_capacity_inactive= | res_capacity_active = {{Convert|32560000|m3|acre.ft|0|abbr=on}} above 836 m msl | res_catchment = | res_surface = {{Convert|8079000|m2|acre|0|abbr=on}} | res_elevation = 840 m msl (FRL or full pond level) | res_max_depth = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | plant_hydraulic_head = {{Convert|130|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} (gross) | res_tidal_range = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = Stage I: 2005 Stage II: 2008 | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_turbines = Stage I: 3 x 150 MW Francis-type Stage II: 3 x 150 MW Francis-type | plant_capacity = Stage I: 450 MW Stage II: 450 MW Total: 900 MW | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }}Baglihar Dam ({{lang-hi|बगलिहार बाँध}} Baglihār Bāndh), also known as Baglihar Hydroelectric Power Project, is a run-of-the-river power project on the Chenab River in the southern Doda district of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. This project was conceived in 1992, approved in 1996 and construction began in 1999. The project is estimated to cost USD $1 billion. The first phase of the Baglihar Dam was completed in 2004. With the completion of the second phase on 10 October 2008, Ex-Prime Minister Manmohan Singh of India dedicated the 900-MW Baglihar hydroelectric power project to the nation.[2][3] Design controversy and verdictAfter construction began in 1999, Pakistan claimed that design parameters of Baglihar project violated the Indus Water Treaty (full text) of 1960. The treaty provided India with exclusive control over three eastern rivers while granting Pakistan exclusive control over three western rivers, including Chenab River. However it contained provisions for India to establish run-of-the-river power projects with limited reservoir capacity and flow control needed for feasible power generation. Availing this provision, India established several run-of-the-river projects, with Pakistan objecting to these. Also in the case of the Baglihar and Kishanganga Hydroelectric Plants, Pakistan claimed that some design parameters were too lax than were needed for feasible power generation and provided India with excessive ability to accelerate, decelerate or block flow of the river, thus giving India a strategic leverage in times of political tension or war. During 1999-2004 India and Pakistan held several rounds of talks on the design of projects, but could not reach an agreement. After failure of talks on 18 January 2005, Pakistan raised six objections to the World Bank, a broker and signatory of Indus Water Treaty. In April 2005 the World Bank determined the Pakistani claim as a ‘Difference’, a classification between the less serious ‘Question’ and more serious ‘Dispute’, and in May 2005 appointed Professor Raymond Lafitte, a Swiss civil engineer as a neutral expert, to adjudicate the difference. Lafitte declared his final verdict on 12 February 2007,[4][5] in which he upheld some minor objections of Pakistan, declaring that pondage capacity be reduced by 13.5%, height of dam structure be reduced by 1.5 meter and power intake tunnels be raised by 3 meters, thereby limiting some flow control capabilities of the earlier design. However he rejected Pakistani objections on height and gated control of spillway declaring these conformed to engineering norms of the day. India had already offered Pakistan similar minor adjustments for it to drop its objection. The Indus Waters Treaty of 1960 divided the Indus river — into which the Chenab flows — between the two countries and bars India from interfering with the flow into Pakistan while allowing it to generate electricity. However the key issue that any dam constructed by India should be strictly run of the river was rejected. Pakistan government expressed its disappointment at the final outcome. Both parties (India and Pakistan) have already agreed that they will abide by the final verdict. The verdict acknowledged India's right to construct 'gated spillways' under Indus water treaty 1960.The report allowed pondage of 32.56 million cubic meters against India's demand for 37.5 million cubic metres. The report also recommended to reduce the height of free board from 4.5 m to 3.0 m. The verdict permitted draw down flushing to prevent silt accumulation in the reservoir which has enhanced the life of reservoir to above 80 years. Without draw down flushing, the reservoir would have been completely silted in 13 years period by 2017.[6] On 1 June 2010 India and Pakistan resolved the issue relating to the initial filling of Baglihar dam in Jammu and Kashmir with the neighboring country deciding not to raise the matter further. The decision was arrived at the talks of Permanent Indus Commissioners of the two countries. "The two sides discussed the issue at length without any prejudice to each other's stand...Indian and Pakistani teams resolved the issue relating to initial filling of Baglihar dam after discussions," sources said. Pakistan also agreed not to raise the issue further. {{clear}}See also{{stack|{{Portal|India|Water|Renewable energy}}}}
References1. ^{{cite book|last=Tan|first=edited by Martin Wieland, Qingwen Ren, John S.Y.|title=New developments in dam engineering|year=2004|publisher=Balkema|location=London|isbn=0-415-36240-7|pages=315–316|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q7YL5MkwRmEC&pg=PA316&dq=baglihar+dam&hl=en&ei=iP_1TYXkBYOovQO2i-3fBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDoQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=baglihar%20dam&f=false}} {{Hydrography of Jammu and Kashmir}}{{Power Plants of Jammu and Kashmir}}2. ^1 {{cite web|title=Pakistan-India Relations|url=http://www.pildat.org/Publications/publication/FP/PakistanIndiaRelations-ImplementationofIndus-WaterTreaty-APakistaniNarrative.pdf|publisher=Pakistani Institute of Legislative Development and Transparency (PILDAT)|accessdate=13 June 2011| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110724114456/http://www.pildat.org/Publications/publication/FP/PakistanIndiaRelations-ImplementationofIndus-WaterTreaty-APakistaniNarrative.pdf| archivedate= 24 July 2011 | deadurl= no}} 3. ^(press release:http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=43550) 4. ^{{cite web|url= http://siteresources.worldbank.org/SOUTHASIAEXT/Resources/223546-1171996340255/BagliharSummary.pdf |title= Baglihar Hydroelectric Plant: Expert Determination |accessdate=15 April 2018}} 5. ^{{cite web|url= http://mowr.gov.pk/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/71._Baglihar_Expert_Determination___Executive_Summary___Annex.pdf |title= Baglihar Hydroelectric Plant: drawings annexure to Expert Determination |accessdate=15 April 2018}} 6. ^{{cite web|url= http://mowr.gov.pk/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/51._Baglihar_Expert_Determination___Annex__4_.pdf |title= Baglihar Hydroelectric Plant Case Documents Expert Determination |accessdate=15 April 2018}} 7 : Dams in Jammu and Kashmir|Hydroelectric power stations in Jammu and Kashmir|Run-of-the-river power stations|Dams on the Chenab River|Dams completed in 2004|Doda district|Energy infrastructure completed in 2008 |
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