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词条 Bahamian English
释义

  1. Pronunciation

  2. Grammar

  3. Vocabulary

  4. References

{{distinguish|Bahamian Creole}}{{multiple issues|{{cleanup reorganize|date=July 2012}}{{more footnotes|date=July 2012}}{{prose|date=November 2012}}
}}{{Infobox language
|name=Bahamian English
|region= The Bahamas
|speakers2=
|familycolor=Indo-European
|fam2 = Germanic
|fam3 = West Germanic
|fam4 = North Sea Germanic
|fam5 = Anglo-Frisian
|fam6 = Anglic
|fam7 = English
|fam8 = North American English
|fam9 = Caribbean English
|isoexception=dialect
|notice=IPA
}}{{ English language}}Bahamian English is a variety of English spoken in the Bahamas and by Bahamian diasporas. The standard for official use and education is British-based.[1]

Pronunciation

The Bahamian accent is non-rhotic.[1][2]

The realization of vowels in the Bahamian English. The vowels below are named by the lexical set they belong to:

  • The Kit vowel: The same as in American English, the default {{IPA|[ɪ]}}.
  • The Dress vowel: The vowel is {{IPA|[ɛ]}}.
  • The Trap vowel: This vowel is mostly {{IPA|[a]}} or {{IPA|[æ]}}.
  • The Lot vowel: As mostly of the US, this vowel is usually {{IPA|[ɑ]}}.
  • The Strut vowel: It is the same as in the US English, {{IPA|[ʌ]}}.
  • The Foot vowel: It is {{IPA|[ʊ]}}.
  • The Fleece vowel: It is {{IPA|[i]}} or a diphthong {{IPA|[ɪi]}}.
  • The Face diphthong: It is generally {{IPA|[eɪ]}} or {{IPA|[ɛɪ]}}.
  • The Palm vowel: It is mostly {{IPA|[ɑ]}}.
  • The Thought vowel: The vowel is {{IPA|[ɔ]}}.
  • The Goat diphthong: It is generally {{IPA|[ɵʊ]}} or {{IPA|[oʊ]}}.
  • The Near diphthong: It is {{IPA|[eə]}} or {{IPA|[iə]}}.
  • The Square diphthong: It is {{IPA|[eə]}}.
  • The Start vowel: It is {{IPA|[ɑː]}}.
  • The North diphthong: usually {{IPA|[ɔə]}}.
  • The Force diphthong: usually {{IPA|[oə]}}.
  • The Cure diphthong: usually {{IPA|[uə]}}.
  • The Bath vowel: This vowel is mostly {{IPA|[a]}} or {{IPA|[æ]}}.
  • The Cloth vowel: It is mostly {{IPA|[ɔ]}}.
  • The Nurse vowel: It varies among {{IPA|[ə]}}, {{IPA|[ɜ]}} and {{IPA|[ɜi]}}.
  • The Goose vowel: It is mostly {{IPA|[ʉː]}}.
  • The Price/Prize Dithphong: It's generally {{IPA|[ɑɪ]}}.
  • The Choice diphthong: It is {{IPA|[oɪ]}} or {{IPA|[ɑɪ]}}.
  • The Mouth diphthong: It varies among {{IPA|[ao]}}, {{IPA|[aɵ]}} {{IPA|[aɛ]}} and {{IPA|[ɑə]}}.
  • The happY vowel: It is pretty much the kit vowel: {{IPA|[ɪ]}}.
  • The lettEr-horsEs-commA vowel is {{IPA|[ə]}} (schwa).

There is poor distinction between the {{IPA|[v]}} and {{IPA|[w]}} sounds in Bahamian English.[3]

The contrast is often neutralized or merged into {{IPA|[v]}}, {{IPA|[b]}} or {{IPA|[β]}}, so village sounds like {{IPA|[wɪlɪdʒ]}}, {{IPA|[vɪlɪdʒ]}} or {{IPA|[βɪlɪdʒ]}}. This also happens in the Vincentian, Bermudian and other Caribbean Englishes.

Dental fricatives are usually changed to alveolar plosives (th-stopping):

  • Voiced th becomes /d/, e.g. "That" turns into "dat"; "Those" > "Dose"; "There" > "Dere"; "They" > "Dey".
  • Unvoiced th becomes /t/, e.g. "Thanks" becomes "tanks"; "Throw" > "Trow"; "Three" > "Tree".

Grammar

{{expand section|date=December 2013}}

Vocabulary

{{expand section|date=December 2013}}

References

1. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Ammon|first1=Ulrich|last2=Dittmar|first2=Norbert|last3=Mattheier|first3=Klaus J.|title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA2069|year=2006|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-018418-1|page=2069|quote = British-based standard Bahamian English is the official language [...] Although standard Bahamian is non-rhotic, many Bahamians view r-full American pronunciations as "correct" and try to imitate them, even to the extent of introducing a hypercorrect /r/ in [...] Baharmas.}}
2. ^{{cite book|last= Wells|first=J. C.|title=Accents of English|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=484eVQ7t8TMC&pg=PA570| volume=3: Beyond the British Isles|year=1982|publisher=Cambridge U. Press|isbn=978-0-521-28541-4|page=570|quote = The accents of Trinidad and the other Windward and Leeward Islands, and of the Bahamas, are non-rhotic. Jamaica and Guyana occupy intermediate positions, with variable semi-rhoticity.}}
3. ^{{cite book|last1=Childs|first1=Becky|last2=Wolfram|first2=Walt|editor1-last=Schneider|editor1-first=Edgar W.|title=Varieties of English |volume= 2: The Americas and the Caribbean|date=2008|publisher=Mouton de Gruyter|location=Berlin|pages=239–255|chapter=Bahamian English: phonology}}
  • https://bahamasrealestateblog.blogspot.com/2017/11/how-to-talk-like-bahamian.html
  • {{cite book|last=Kortmann|first=Bernd|title=A Handbook of Varieties of English: Phonology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fLa5Nhv3KWwC|year=2004|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-017532-5}}
{{Bahamas-stub}}{{lang-stub}}

2 : English dialects|Languages of the Bahamas
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