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词条 Ballarat Gaol
释义

  1. History and structure

  2. Current use

  3. Executions

  4. References

{{Infobox prison
| prison_name = Ballarat Gaol
| image = CRCAHfrontage.jpg
| caption = Façade of the Ballarat Gaol
| location = Ballarat, Victoria
| status = Closed
| classification =
| capacity = 74[1]
| opened = 1862
| closed = 1965
| managed_by = Federation University Australia and the National Trust of Australia
| coordinates = {{coord|37|33|56.37|S|143|51|26.23|E|display=inline,title}}
}}

The Ballarat Gaol, a former maximum security prison for males, females and children, is located in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia. Replacing temporary structures including prison hulks in the Bay of Port Phillip and holding yards in Ballarat, the gaol operated between 1862 and 1965.

The remaining gate, gate house, and cloisters are now home to the Collaborative Research Centre in Australian History (CRCAH) of Federation University Australia.

History and structure

The report of the Select Committee on Prison Discipline of September 1857 recommended gaol buildings replace the Port Phillip Bay prison hulks. The inquiry recommended adopting London's Pentonvillle design of 1842 to build the gaols. This prison design carried on a revolution begun in 1829 by Eastern State Penitentiary in Philadelphia. The complex was based on a central hall from which radiated wings of cells. The principle of the design being that one guard would stand in the centre of the hall and at one glance survey all cells.[1][2]

The construction of the gaol began in 1856 and the first cell blocks were completed by 1857. It was completed in 1862 with 58 cells designed to hold a mixture of 74 male and female prisoners. In 1862 a tunnel was constructed to join the gaol to the adjacent Ballarat Courthouse, allowing for the safe transfer of prisoners.[1]

In 1872 Captain Moonlite, a bushranger and Anglican clergyman, escaped from the gaol.[1]

The prison was closed in 1965.[2]

Current use

Most of the gaol was demolished to allow the School of Mines Ballarat to expand onto the site. The remaining structures at the site include the main gate, warden's residence and governor's residence. These buildings are now used by Federation University. The old warden's residence is now home to the Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sports and its Prevention (ACRISP).

The site is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register.[3]

Executions

During its time in use as a gaol, the following individuals were executed by public hanging at Ballarat Gaol:

Name Date of execution Crime Notes
Alexander Davis 1 March 1864 for the murder of George Sims near Smythesdale [4]
James Jones 19 March 1866 for the murder of Dr Saenger [5]
Denis Murphy 16 April 1867 for the murder of Patrick Mara [6]
George Searle 7 August 1867for the murder of Thomas Burke[7]
Joseph Ballam
John Wilson 11 May 1891[8]
James Johnston 18 May 1891 for the murder of his wife and four children [5]
Oscar Wallace 11 August 1873 [9]
James Ashe 21 August 1875 [10]
Charles Baker 3 September 1885 attempted murder of policeman [11]
Cornelius Bourke 21 November 1891 for the murder of his cellmate in Hamilton Gaol [12]
Elijah Cockroft 12 November 1894 for the murder of his brother's fiancée, Fanny Mott, at Noradjuha, (near Natimuk) [13][14]
Charles Henry Deutschmann 28 June 1908 for the murder of his wife at Dobie (near Ararat) [15]

References

1. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |url=http://www.thecourier.com.au/news/local/news/news-features/our-place-for-punishment/527295.aspx?storypage=0 |title=Our place for punishment |work=The Courier |date=12 January 2005 |author=Patterson, Monique |accessdate=22 April 2012 }}
2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.ballarat.edu.au/curator/buildings/site_listing_gaol.shtml |title=Gaol information from the University of Ballarat |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070902163317/http://ballarat.edu.au/curator/buildings/site_listing_gaol.shtml |archivedate=September 2, 2007 }}
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://vhd.heritage.vic.gov.au/search/nattrust_result_detail/67524 |title=Gaol (former) |date=3 August 1998 |work=National Trust database |publisher=National Trust of Australia |accessdate=22 April 2012 }}
4. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article5744988?searchTerm=Ballarat+Gaol+execution |title=Confession and execution of Alexander Davis |work=The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1956) |date=1 March 1864 |page=5 |accessdate=22 April 2012 |publisher=National Library of Australia }}
5. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3526191?searchTerm=Ballarat+Gaol+execution |title=The Ballarat murder: execution of Johnston |work=The Brisbane Courier (Qld. : 1864 - 1933) |date=19 May 1891 |page=5 |accessdate=22 April 2012 |publisher=National Library of Australia }}
6. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article5764544?searchTerm=Ballarat+Gaol+execution |title=Execution of Denis Murphy |work=The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1956) |date=17 April 1867 |page=6 |accessdate=22 April 2012 |publisher=National Library of Australia }}
7. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article5774523?searchTerm=Ballarat+Gaol+execution |title= Execution of Searle and Ballam |work=The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1956) |date=8 August 1867 |page=7 |accessdate=22 April 2012 |publisher=National Library of Australia }}
8. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3525891?searchTerm=Ballarat+Gaol+execution |title=Execution of Wilson |work=The Brisbane Courier (Qld. : 1864 - 1933) |date=12 May 1891 |page=5 |accessdate=22 April 2012 |publisher=National Library of Australia }}
9. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article5869208?searchTerm=Ballarat+Gaol+execution |title=Execution of Oscar Wallace |work=The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1956) |date=12 August 1873 |page=6 |accessdate=22 April 2012 |publisher=National Library of Australia }}
10. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article5899731?searchTerm=Ballarat+Gaol+execution |title=Execution of James Ashe |work=The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1956) |date=22 August 1876 |page=7 |accessdate=22 April 2012 |publisher=National Library of Australia }}
11. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article6093986?searchTerm=Ballarat+Gaol+execution |title=Execution at Ballarat |work=The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1956) |date=4 September 1885 |page=6 |accessdate=22 April 2012 |publisher=National Library of Australia }}
12. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3525232?searchTerm=Ballarat+Gaol+execution |title=Execution of Bourke |work=The Brisbane Courier (Qld. : 1864 - 1933) |date=24 April 1891 |page=7 |accessdate=22 April 2012 |publisher=National Library of Australia }}
13. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3591065?searchTerm=Ballarat+Gaol+execution |title=Execution at Ballarat: a jockey on the scaffold |work=The Brisbane Courier (Qld. : 1864 - 1933) |date=13 November 1894 |page=4 |accessdate=22 April 2012 |publisher=National Library of Australia }}
14. ^http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/183319216?browse=ndp%3Abrowse%2Ftitle%2FB%2Ftitle%2F806%2F189%2F1894%2F11%2F13%2Fpage%2F19214648%2Farticle%2F183319216
15. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article5156511?searchTerm=Ballarat+Gaol+execution |title=The Ararat murder: Deutschmann hanged |work=The Advertiser (Adelaide, SA : 1889 - 1931) |date=30 June 1908 |page=7 |accessdate=22 April 2012 |publisher=National Library of Australia }}
{{VictorianPrisons}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ballarat}}

3 : Buildings and structures in Ballarat|Defunct prisons in Victoria (Australia)|History of Victoria (Australia)
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