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词条 Baltic Air Policing
释义

  1. Mission

  2. Deployments

  3. Accidents

  4. Gallery

  5. See also

  6. References

  7. External links

{{Infobox military conflict
| image= Russian SU-27 Flanker with RAF Typhoon MOD 45157730.jpg
| image_size = 300
|caption=Royal Air Force Eurofighter Typhoon (bottom) escorts Russian Air Force Su-27 Flanker (top) over the Baltic in June 2014
|conflict=Baltic Air Policing
|date=30 March 2004 - present
|place=Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia
|result=Ongoing
}}

The Baltic air-policing mission is a NATO air defence Quick Reaction Alert (QRA) in order to guard the airspace over the three Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.

Mission

Within the Alliance, preserving airspace integrity is conducted as a collective task jointly and collectively using fighter aircraft for Air Policing. Air policing is a purely defensive mission. Since the 1970s, NATO has established a comprehensive system of air surveillance and airspace management means, as well as Quick Reaction Alert (QRA) assets for intercepts (QRA(I)) provided by its member nations. By means of radar sites, remote data transmission, Control and Reporting Centres (CRCs) and Combined Air Operations Centres (CAOCs) the Alliance ensures constant surveillance and control of its assigned airspace 24 hours a day and 365 days a year. NATO exploits these facilities to react within seconds to air traffic incidents in the Allies’ airspace. This structure of weapon systems, control centres and procedures is referred to as the NATO Integrated Air Defence System (NATINADS). NATINADS has been and remains one cornerstone of Alliance solidarity and cohesion. The responsible Allied Air Headquarters are at Izmir, Turkey and Ramstein, Germany. The dividing line is the Alps. The Headquarters Allied Air Command Ramstein’s air area of responsibility is divided in two Air Policing Areas (APAs):

  • APA 1 is controlled by the CAOC Finderup,[1] Denmark (deactivated in 2013);
  • APA 2 is controlled by the CAOC Uedem, Germany.

NATO members without their own Air Policing assets are assisted by other NATO members. Luxembourg is covered by interceptors from Belgium, while Slovenia and Albania are covered by Italian and Greek aircraft.[2]

Since March 2004, when the Baltic States joined NATO, the 24/7 task of policing the airspace of the Baltic States was conducted on a three-month rotation from Lithuania's First Air Force Base in Zokniai/Šiauliai International Airport, near the northern city of Šiauliai, and starting 2014 at the Ämari Air Base in Harju County, Estonia. Starting with the Turkish deployment, rotations changed to a four-month basis. Usual deployments consist of four fighter aircraft with between 50 and 100 support personnel.

To ensure Air Policing performance is conducted in a safe and professional way, adequate training was and still is required, as NATO member nations deploy their assets to Šiauliai Air Base, Lithuania, on a rotational basis. To standardize training across nations, Headquarters Allied Air Command Ramstein introduced a series of training events formerly called Baltic Region Training Events, now referred to as Ramstein Alloy [https://www.airn.nato.int/page805182/exercises-2016/aircom-exercises] to capitalize on experienced aircrews deployed to Šiauliai and to offer superior training for Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian air forces and control facilities.[3] The three host nations contributed €2.2 million in 2011 to cover the deployment expenses and are supposed to contribute €3.5 million yearly by 2015. In 2012, the Alliance allocated €7 million for Šiauliai airfield modernisation from the Security Investment Programme.[4]

Hungary performed the mission for the first time in 2015,[5] also Italy carried out the mission in January–April 2015,[6] with 14 members having participated in Baltic Air Policing so far.

In 2013, the Baltic patrol was called in when the Swedish Air Force was unable to respond to a simulated attack by Russian bombers against Stockholm.[7]

During the 2014 Crimean crisis, the U.S. Air Force deployed six F-15C Eagle fighter jets from US-run Lakenheath air base in eastern England to the Lithuanian Air Force Base near Šiauliai.[8][9] These aircraft will augment the present mission comprising four U.S. F-15C Eagle aircraft. The U.S. heightened its NATO presence to increase the strength of the Baltic Air Policing mission. Another two U.S. KC-135 aerial refuelling aircraft brought aircraft service personnel.[10] In May 2014, NATO established its second air base in Estonia's Ämari near Tallinn, beginning with a Danish deployment.[11] Additionally in May 2014, Polish Air Force units at Malbork Air Base were reinforced by the French Air Force [12][13]

According to a former staff of the National Defence University of Finland the Baltic air bases are untenable in a war scenario as they lack hardened aircraft shelters which makes them vulnerable to attack.[14] Also Russia operates long-range SAMs in Kaliningrad, Pskov and Leningrad Oblast which would severely hamper or stop air operations from the area.[14]

Deployments

Starting Date[15]CountryAir ForceAircraftNoteReference
30 March 2004 Belgium}}Belgium|air force}} Belgian Air Component F-16AM Fighting Falcon [16]
1 July 2004 Denmark}} Royal Danish Air Force F-16AM Fighting Falcon [17]
30 October 2004 United Kingdom}}United Kingdom}} Panavia Tornado F.3 [18]
1 January 2005 Norway}} Royal Norwegian Air Force F-16AM Fighting Falcon [19]
30 March 2005 Netherlands}} Royal Netherlands Air Force F-16AM Fighting Falcon [20]
30 June 2005 Germany}} German Air Force F-4F Phantom II [21]
12 October 2005 United States}}United States}} F-16CJ Fighting Falcon[22]
1 January 2006 Poland}}Poland}} MiG-29A [23]
31 March 2006 Turkey}} Turkish Air Force F-16C Fighting Falcon [24]
1 August 2006 Spain}} Spanish Air Force Mirage F1M [24][25]
1 December 2006 Belgium}}Belgium|air force}} Belgian Air Component F-16AM Fighting Falcon
1 April 2007 France}} French Air Force Mirage 2000C [26]
1 August 2007 Romania}} Romanian Air Force MiG-21 Lancer 'C' Based in Šiauliai, Lithuania [27]
1 November 2007 Portugal}} Portuguese Air Force F-16AM Fighting Falcon Based in Šiauliai, Lithuania [28][29]
16 December 2007 Norway}} Royal Norwegian Air Force F-16AM Fighting Falcon [30]
15 March 2008 Poland}}Poland}} MiG-29A [31]
30 June 2008 Germany}} {{GAF}} F-4F Phantom II
30 September 2008 United States}}United States}} F-15C Eagle [32]
2 January 2009 Denmark}} Royal Danish Air Force F-16AM Fighting Falcon
1 May 2009 Czech Republic}} Czech Air Force JAS 39C Gripen [33]
1 September 2009 Germany}} {{GAF}} Eurofighter Typhoon [34]
3 November 2009 Germany}} {{GAF}} F-4F Phantom II luftwaffe.de_09}}
4 January 2010 France}} French Air Force Mirage 2000C [35]
1 May 2010 Poland}}Poland}} MiG-29A [36]
1 September 2010 United States}}United States}} F-15C Eagle [37]
5 January 2011 Germany}} {{GAF}} F-4F Phantom II [38]
28 April 2011 France}} French Air Force Mirage 2000C [39]
2 September 2011 Denmark}} Royal Danish Air Force F-16AM Fighting Falcon [40]
4 January 2012 Germany}} {{GAF}} F-4F Phantom II [41]
26 April 2012 Poland}}Poland}} MiG-29A [42]
1 September 2012 Czech Republic}} Czech Air Force JAS 39C Gripen [43]
3 January 2013 Denmark}} Royal Danish Air Force F-16AM Fighting Falcon [44]
30 April 2013 France}} French Air Force Mirage F1CR [45]
3 September 2013 Belgium}}Belgium|air force}} Belgian Air Component F-16AM Fighting Falcon [46][47][48]
3 January 2014 United States}} United States Air Force 4 x F-15C Eagle Based in Šiauliai, Lithuania [49]
1 May 2014Poland}} Polish Air Force 4 x MiG-29A Based in Šiauliai, Lithuania [50]
United Kingdom}} Royal Air Force 4 x Eurofighter Typhoon Based in Šiauliai, Lithuania [50]
Denmark}} Royal Danish Air Force 4 x F-16AM Fighting Falcon Based in Ämari, Estonia. [50]
France}} French Air Force 4 x Dassault Rafale Based in Malbork, Poland. [50]
1 September 2014Portugal}} Portuguese Air Force 6 x F-16AM Fighting Falcon Based in Šiauliai, Lithuania [51]
Canada}} Royal Canadian Air Force 4 x CF-188 Hornet Based in Šiauliai, Lithuania [51]
Germany}} German Air Force Eurofighter Typhoon Based in Ämari, Estonia [51]
Netherlands}} Royal Netherlands Air Force F-16AM Fighting Falcon Based in Malbork, Poland [51]
1 January 2015 Italy}} Italian Air Force 4 x Eurofighter Typhoon Based in Šiauliai, Lithuania [52]
2 January 2015 Spain}} Spanish Air Force 4 x Eurofighter Typhoon Based in Ämari, Estonia [53]
5 January 2015 Poland}} Polish Air Force 4 x MiG-29A Based in Šiauliai, Lithuania [52]
7 January 2015 Belgium}} Belgian Air Component 4 x F-16AM Fighting Falcon Based in Malbork, Poland [54]
1 May 2015Norway}} Royal Norwegian Air Force 4 x F-16AM Fighting Falcon Based in Šiauliai, Lithuania [55]
Italy}} Italian Air Force 4 x Eurofighter Typhoon Based in Šiauliai, Lithuania
Mission ended on 27 August 2015.
[55][56]
United Kingdom}} Royal Air Force 4 x Eurofighter Typhoon Based in Ämari, Estonia [55]
Belgium}} Belgian Air Component 4 x F-16AM Fighting Falcon Based in Malbork, Poland [55]
25 August 2015 Germany}} German Air Force 4 x Eurofighter Typhoon Based in Ämari, Estonia [57]
31 August 2015 Hungary}} Hungarian Air Force 4 x JAS 39C Gripen Based in Šiauliai, Lithuania [58]
7 January 2016Spain}} Spanish Air Force 4 x Eurofighter Typhoon Based in Šiauliai, Lithuania [59]
Belgium}} Belgian Air Component 4 x F-16AM Fighting Falcon Based in Ämari, Estonia [59]
28 April 2016 United Kingdom}} Royal Air Force 4 x Eurofighter Typhoon Based in Ämari, Estonia [60]
4 May 2016 Portugal}} Portuguese Air Force 4 x F-16AM Fighting Falcon Based in Šiauliai, Lithuania [61]
31 August 2016{{flag|France}} French Air Force 4 x Mirage 2000-5F Based in Šiauliai, Lithuania [62]
Germany}} German Air Force 4 x Eurofighter Typhoon Based in Ämari, Estonia [63]
5 January 2017{{flag|Netherlands}} Royal Netherlands Air Force 4 x F-16AM Fighting Falcon Based in Šiauliai, Lithuania [64]
Germany}} German Air Force 4 x Eurofighter Typhoon Based in Ämari, Estonia [65]
2 May 2017 {{flag|Poland}} Polish Air Force 4 x F-16C Fighting Falcon Based in Šiauliai, Lithuania [66]
3 May 2017 Spain}} Spanish Air Force 5 x EF-18 Hornet Based in Ämari, Estonia [67]
30 August 2017 United States}} United States Air Force 4 x F-15C Eagle Based in Šiauliai, Lithuania [68]
5 September 2017 Belgium}} Belgian Air Component 4 x F-16AM Fighting Falcon Based in Ämari, Estonia [69]
8 January 2018 Denmark}} Royal Danish Air Force 4 x F-16AM Fighting Falcon Based in Šiauliai, Lithuania [70]
10 January 2018 Italy}} Italian Air Force 4 x Eurofighter Typhoon Based in Ämari, Estonia [71]
2 May 2018Portugal}} Portuguese Air Force 4 x F-16AM Fighting Falcon Based in Šiauliai, Lithuania [72]
Spain}} Spanish Air Force 6 x Eurofighter Typhoon Based in Šiauliai, Lithuania [72]
3 May 2018 France}} French Air Force 4 x Mirage 2000-5F Based in Ämari, Estonia [73]
30 August 2018 Germany}} German Air Force 4 x Eurofighter Typhoon Based in Ämari, Estonia [74]
31 August 2018 Belgium}} Belgian Air Component 4 x F-16AM Fighting Falcon Based in Šiauliai, Lithuania [75]
3 January 2019 {{flag|Poland}} Polish Air Force F-16C Fighting Falcon Based in Šiauliai, Lithuania [76]

Accidents

  • 30 August 2011 - A French Mirage collided with Lithuanian trainer jet L-39, which crashed into a marsh. Both pilots ejected.[77]
  • 29 April 2013 - A Danish F-16 landed in Tallinn after it suffered a bird strike, which caused minor engine damage.[78]
  • 9 October 2015 - A German Eurofighter's right external tank dropped "while taxiing to the start position" on the taxiway in Ämari airbase, Estonia. The necessary torque of the tightening bolts "was not present".[79]
  • 8 August 2018 - A Spanish Eurofighter accidentally launched an AMRAAM missile without a target while on patrol over Estonia. The missile was not confirmed to have self-destructed as designed.[80]

Gallery

See also

  • Icelandic Air Policing

References

1. ^CAOC Finderup 1993-2013 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722065647/http://www.flyhis.dk/CAOC%20Finderup%20til%20ebog.pdf |date=July 22, 2015 }}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aeronautica.difesa.it/News/Pagine/AM_assicura_spazio_aereo_albanese_170709.aspx|title=L'A.M. assicura lo spazio aereo albanese|accessdate=20 September 2011|language=Italian|quote=L’Aeronautica Militare assicura già dal 2007, con i propri velivoli, l’"Air Policing" dello spazio aereo sloveno.}}
3. ^Baltic Region Training Event.
4. ^A Mission in the Interest of the Whole Alliance. PISM Bulletin No 88 (421), September 21, 2012
5. ^Hungary will join NATO's Air Policing mission in Baltics.
6. ^Italy’s Typhoon fighter jets secure airspace of Iceland. 10 June 2013
7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.acus.org/natosource/russian-jets-practiced-attacks-sweden |title=Russian jets practiced attacks on Sweden |last1=Benitez |first1=Jorge |date=22 April 2013 |work=NATO Source |publisher=Atlantic Council |accessdate=22 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130426200323/http://www.acus.org/natosource/russian-jets-practiced-attacks-sweden |archive-date=2013-04-26 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
8. ^[https://news.yahoo.com/us-sends-six-fighters-nato-baltics-patrols-lithuania-150042846.html US sends six fighters for NATO Baltics patrols: Lithuania] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308012653/http://news.yahoo.com/us-sends-six-fighters-nato-baltics-patrols-lithuania-150042846.html |date=March 8, 2014 }}
9. ^6 F-15s, KC-135 to augment NATO mission in Baltics
10. ^The United States augment its participation in NATO's air policing mission in the Baltics
11. ^{{cite news |url=http://estonianworld.com/security/nato-opens-air-base-estonia-video/ |title=NATO opens an air base in Estonia |date=2 May 2014 |website=estonianworld.com |accessdate=2 May 2014}}
12. ^NATO's tripled Baltic Air Policing Mission begins by Nicholas de Larrinaga Jane's Defence Weekly 29 April 2014
13. ^Alliance Solidarity in the Baltic Region Continues Allied Command Operations 26 Aug 2014
14. ^{{cite news|last1=Gestrin-Hagner|first1=Maria|title=(sv) Försvarsexpert: Flygövning fredstida spel för gallerierna|url=http://hbl.fi/nyheter/2015-01-20/709416/forsvarsexpert-flygovning-fredstida-spel-gallerierna|accessdate=21 May 2015|publisher=Hufvudstadsbladet|date=2015-01-20}}
15. ^NATO Air - policing mission, Lithuanian Armed Forces
16. ^Belgium Baltic Air Policing
17. ^Air-police functions in the Baltic States to be taken over by Danish personnel
18. ^[https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200405/ldhansrd/vo041214/text/41214w01.htm Hansard, 14/12/04]
19. ^Norwegian Ministry of Defence:Norwegian fighter aircraft on a temporary NATO mission in the baltic
20. ^Air policing mission in the Baltic States to be taken over by Dutch troops
21. ^Germans takes over Baltic NATO mission
22. ^23rd EFS protects Baltic skies
23. ^Zakończenie misji AIR POLICING przez Siły Powietrzne RP. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100218042058/http://www.mon.gov.pl/pl/artykul/1615 |date=2010-02-18 }} mon.gov.pl
24. ^Turkish Military Personnel to Take Over Execution of NATO Air Policing Mission Over the Baltic States.
25. ^Spain to carry out NATO patrol in Baltic countries
26. ^Estonian Review, Volume 17 No 13 Mar28-Apr3, 2007, p.3: French Take over Baltic Air Policing Mission {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227152341/http://web-static.vm.ee/static/failid/377/ER_13.pdf |date=2008-02-27 }}
27. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.roaf.ro/en/misiuni_en.php |title=Romania Performs Air Police Service In The Baltic Countries. |access-date=2013-03-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120819200742/http://www.roaf.ro/en/misiuni_en.php |archive-date=2012-08-19 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
28. ^Portuguese F-16s to defend Baltic skies
29. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20080408145415/http://www.esq301jaguares.net/jaguares/baltico/airpolicing.htm A participação dos Jaguares na missão Baltics Air Policing 2007 (Portuguese Air Force 301 Squadron)] {{pt icon}}
30. ^Oro policijos misiją Baltijos valstybėse iš portugalų perima norvegai {{lt icon}}
31. ^Gazeta.pl: [https://archive.is/20120525173323/http://wiadomosci.gazeta.pl/Wiadomosci/1,80273,4885249.html Prezydent podpisał postanowienie o użyciu wojska w dwóch zagranicznych operacjach] {{pl icon}}
32. ^U.S. Forces begin air policing mission in Baltics {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014211457/http://www.eucom.mil/english/FullStory.asp?art=1850 |date=2008-10-14 }}
33. ^Air Contingent of the Czech Republic took over the NATO Baltic Air-policing mission
34. ^German Air Force to conduct once more NATO Air Policing over Baltic States
35. ^Air Baltic 2010 – France takes over {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20120525173324/www.airn.nato.int/press/2010/news0210.htm |date=2012-05-25 }}
36. ^Dalyvauti oro policijos misijoje atvyksta Lenkijos naikintuvai {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111130744/http://www.lrytas.lt/-12724372511270316748-dalyvauti-oro-policijos-misijoje-atvyksta-lenkijos-naikintuvai.htm |date=2012-01-11 }} {{lt icon}}
37. ^US Air contingent take over Baltic Air-policing mission
38. ^Richthofengeschwader sichert baltischen Luftraum {{de icon}}
39. ^Šiauliuose leisis Prancūzijos naikintuvai {{lt icon}}
40. ^NATO oro policijos misiją Baltijos šalyse perims Danijos kariai {{lt icon}}
41. ^Šiauliuose nusileido Vokietijos karinių oro pajėgų naikintuvai {{lt icon}}
42. ^Orlik 4 na posterunku, sp.mil.pl {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018092134/http://www.sp.mil.pl/en/news/1647-orlik-4-na-posterunku |date=2012-10-18 }} {{pl icon}}
43. ^Czech Gripen Baltic Airspace Policing Encore
44. ^Baltijos erdvėje patruliuos Danijos karinių oro pajėgų naikintuvai {{lt icon}}
45. ^NATO oro policijos misijoje danus keičia Prancūzijos karinių oro pajėgų kariai {{lt icon}}
46. ^{{cite news|title=Belgium To Take Over Baltic Air Policing|author=Nicholas Fiorenza|url=http://www.aviationweek.com/Blogs.aspx?plckController=Blog&plckScript=blogScript&plckElementId=blogDest&plckBlogPage=BlogViewPost&plckPostId=Blog%3a27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7Post%3a3e0b8697-ccea-47c6-a0ab-ab825bdca318|date=17 June 2013|accessdate=17 June 2013}}
47. ^{{cite news|title=Baltic Air Policing|author=Belgian Air Force|url=http://www.mil.be/aircomp/news/index.asp?LAN=nl&ID=3895|date=2 July 2013|accessdate=3 August 2013|language=nl}}
48. ^{{cite news|title=Belgian F-16s take on Baltic Air Policing|author=AIRheads/MB|url=http://airheadsfly.com/2013/07/26/belgian-f-16s-baltic-air-policing-2013/|date=26 July 2013|accessdate=3 August 2013}}
49. ^{{cite web |title=U.S. air contingent took over NATO’s Baltic Air Policing mission from Belgian troops |url=http://kam.lt/en/news_1098/current_issues/u.s._air_contingent_to_take_over_natos_baltic_air_policing_mission_from_belgian_troops.html |date=3 January 2014}}
50. ^{{cite web |title=Allies enhance NATO air-policing duties in Baltic States, Poland, Romania |url=https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/news_109354.htm |date=29 April 2014}}
51. ^{{cite web |title=Responsibility for the security of the Baltic airspace will be passed on to Portugal and Canada at the Lithuanian Air Force Base in Šiauliai |url=http://kam.lt/en/news_1098/news_archives/news_archive_2014/news_archive_2014_-_08/responsibility_for_the_security_of_the_baltic_airspace_will_be_passed_on_to_portugal_and_canada_at_the_lithuanian_air_force_base_in_siauliai.html?pbck=0 |date=31 August 2014}}
52. ^{{cite web |title=End of 2014 Marks Hand-Over of NATO’s Baltic Air Policing. |url=https://ac.nato.int/page5931922/end-of-2014-marks-handover-of-natoE28099s-baltic-air-policing |date=1 January 2015}}
53. ^{{cite web |title=Second Participation of Spanish Air Force in NATO Baltic Air Policing. |url=https://ac.nato.int/page5931922/second-participation-of-spanish-air-force-in-nato-baltic-air-policing |date=2 January 2015}}
54. ^{{cite web |title=Surveillance aérienne de Pologne |url=https://www.mil.be/fr/article/surveillance-aerienne-de-pologne |language=fr |date=16 January 2015}}
55. ^{{cite news|title=Norway takes the lead in NATO’s Baltic Air Policing mission|url=http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/news_119113.htm?selectedLocale=en|accessdate=30 April 2015}}
56. ^{{cite web |title=Italy ended its NATO Baltic Air Policing mission |url=https://ac.nato.int/page5931922/italy-ended-its-nato-baltic-air-policing-mission |date=28 August 2015}}
57. ^{{cite web |title=RAF hands over NATO Air Policing to Luftwaffe at Ämari, Estonia |url=https://ac.nato.int/page5931922/raf-hands-over-its-air-policing-tasks-to-luftwaffe-at-amari--estonia |date=25 August 2015}}
58. ^{{cite web |title=Hungary takes over lead role in Baltic Air Policing |url=https://ac.nato.int/page5931922/hungary-takes-over-lead-role-in-baltic-air-policing |date=31 August 2015}}
59. ^{{cite web |title=Spain and Belgium ensure Safe Skies over the Baltic Region |url=https://ac.nato.int/archive/2016/spain-and-belgium-ensure-safe-skies-over-the-baltic-region |date=7 January 2016}}
60. ^{{cite web |title=Augmenting Baltic Air Policing Nations hand over responsibility |url=https://ac.nato.int/archive/2016/augmenting-baltic-air-policing-nations-hand-over-responsibility |date=28 April 2016}}
61. ^{{cite web |title=Portugal assumes lead over Baltic Air Policing at Šiauliai |url=https://ac.nato.int/archive/2016/portugal-assumes-lead-over-baltic-air-policing-at-Siauliai |date=4 May 2016}}
62. ^{{cite web |title=Lead in Baltic Air Policing handed over to France at Šiauliai, Lithuania |url=https://ac.nato.int/archive/2016/lead-in-baltic-air-policing-handed-over-to-france-at-siauliai |date=31 August 2016}}
63. ^{{cite web |title=Baltic Air Policing augmenting nations pass baton at Ämari, Estonia |url=https://ac.nato.int/archive/2016/baltic-air-policing-augmenting-nations-pass-baton-at-amari--estonia |date=31 August 2016}}
64. ^{{cite web |title=France hands over lead in Baltic Air Policing to the Netherlands at Siauliai |url=https://ac.nato.int/archive/2017/france-hands-over-lead-in-baltic-air-policing-to-the-netherlands-at-siauliai |date=5 January 2017}}
65. ^{{cite web |title=Germany continues augmenting Baltic Air Policing |url=https://ac.nato.int/archive/2017/germany-continues-augmenting-baltic-air-policing |date=6 January 2017}}
66. ^{{cite web |title=Baltic Air Policing mission changes lead nation at Šiauliai Air Base |url=https://ac.nato.int/archive/2017/baltic-air-policing-mission-changes-lead-nation-at-Siauliai-air-base |date=2 May 2017}}
67. ^{{cite web |title=Spanish F-18 jets to augment NATO Baltic Air Policing |url=https://ac.nato.int/archive/2017/spanish-f18-jets-to-augment-nato-baltic-air-policing |date=3 May 2017}}
68. ^{{cite web |title=US Air Force assumes lead of 45th rotation of Baltic Air Policing |url=https://ac.nato.int/archive/2017/us-air-force-assumes-lead-of-45th-rotation-of-baltic-air-policing |date=30 August 2017}}
69. ^{{cite web |title=First Ally to conduct Baltic Air Policing, Belgium, back at Ämari |url=https://ac.nato.int/archive/2017/first-ally-to-conduct-baltic-air-policing--belgium--back-at-amari |date=5 September 2017}}
70. ^{{cite web |title=NATO Air Policing in Baltics continues with Denmark in lead |url=https://ac.nato.int/archive/2018/nato-air-policing-in-baltics-continues-with-denmark-in-lead |date=8 January 2018}}
71. ^{{cite web |title=Italy welcomed in Estonia to augment NATO's Baltic Air Policing mission |url=https://ac.nato.int/archive/2018/italy-arrives-in-estonia-to-augment-natos-baltic-air-policing-mission |date=10 January 2018}}
72. ^{{cite web |title=Portugal to take over lead of Baltic Air Policing |url=https://ac.nato.int/archive/2018/portugal-to-take-over-lead-of-baltic-air-policing |date=2 May 2018}}
73. ^{{cite web |title=French Air Force takes up NATO mission in Baltics |url=https://ac.nato.int/archive/2018/french-air-force-begins-their-nato-mission-in-baltics |date=3 May 2018}}
74. ^{{cite web |title=Germany starts Baltic Air Policing mission in Estonia |url=https://ac.nato.int/archive/2018/germany-starts-baltic-air-policing-mission-in-estonia |date=30 August 2018}}
75. ^{{cite web |title=NATO Air Policing in Baltic region continues with Belgium in lead |url=https://ac.nato.int/archive/2018/nato-air-policing-in-baltic-region-continues-with-belgium-in-lead |date=31 August 2018}}
76. ^{{cite web |title=Poland first Ally to safeguard Baltic Airspace in 2019 |url=https://ac.nato.int/archive/2019/poland-first-ally-to-safeguard-baltic-airspace-in-2019|date=3 January 2019}}
77. ^Lithuanian L-39 crashes after collision with French Mirage
78. ^Danish jets make unscheduled landing after bird collision in Estonian airspace.
79. ^ 
80. ^https://news.sky.com/story/spanish-fighter-jet-accidentally-fires-missile-in-estonia-11465025
{{refbegin}}
  • Three years of NATO Baltic Air Policing
{{refend}}

External links

{{commons category|NATO Baltic air-policing mission}}
  • Ministry of National Defence Republic of Lithuania NATO Air - policing mission
  • Estonian Ministry of Defence
  • Estonian Air Force
  • Headquarters Allied Air Command Ramstein - NATO Air Policing
  • [https://www.airn.nato.int/page805182/exercises-2016/aircom-exercises NATO AIRCOM Exercises]
{{Baltic states}}{{coord|55.8939|N|23.3950|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

7 : Command and control|NATO Air Policing|21st-century Royal Air Force deployments|Military projects of the Baltic states|Military of Lithuania|Military of Latvia|Military of Estonia

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