| 词条 | Banana pipistrelle |
| 释义 |
| name = Banana pipistrelle | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | image = Naturalis Biodiversity Center - RMNH.MAM.32138.b dor - Neoromicia nanus stampflii - skin (cropped).jpeg | image_caption = female from Mukanda River | genus = Neoromicia | species = nana | authority = Peters, 1852 | synonyms = Pipistrellus nanus Peters, 1852 Pipistrellus africanus Rüppell, 1842}} The banana pipistrelle (Neoromicia nana) is a species of vesper bat found throughout much of Africa. It was previously known as Pipistrellus nanus, but genetic analysis has since shown it to be more closely related to other species in the genus Neoromicia.[2] DescriptionBanana pipistrelles are unusually small bats, with a total length of about {{convert|7|to|8|cm}}, about half of which consists of the tail. Adults weigh only {{convert|2|to|4|g}}, although females are slightly larger than males. The fur is dark with golden or reddish brown tips, fading to greyish or near-white tips on the fur of the underparts. The wings are brown, sometimes with a narrow white border on the hind margin. The ears are triangular with a tragus that has been described as "hatchet-shaped".[3] The thumbs of banana pipistrelles bear an unusual pad composed of ridged hairy skin with multiple sebaceous glands. The surface of the pads overlies a patch of connective tissue and a small piece of cartilage that connects to the end of a muscle. The attachment of this muscle to the pads enables to bat to form them into a cup shape, although it is unclear whether this can form an effective suction cup, rather than simply improving the bat's grip onto objects through friction alone.[4] Most, though not all, individuals also possess a relatively large and visible gland of unknown function on each side of the tail.[3] Distribution and subspeciesBanana pipistrelles are found throughout much of Africa south of the Sahara, except for the Namib and Kalahari deserts. They are found in both lowland and montane rainforests, open savannah, and other wooded areas such as plantations.[1][3] Six subspecies are currently recognised:
BehaviourThe bats are named for their habit of roosting in the unfurled, tube-like leaves of banana trees and related plants such as plantains. However, they also roost in a variety of other trees with similarly shaped leaves, such as Strelitzia nicolai and sugar plum, as well as in palms, culverts, and holes in buildings. While roosting, at least some banana pipistrelles enter daily torpor during cool weather.[3] Many bats roost alone or in pairs, although colonies of up to 150 individuals are known.[5] Males have been reported to defend particular roosting sites, whereas females regularly travel between different locations, and therefore show no fidelity to particular mating partners.[3] Banana pipistrelles are insectivorous, feeding primarily on beetles and small moths. They fly close to the ground, typically between {{convert|2|and|5|m|ft}} high and catch insects in mid-air. They emerge to feed less than an hour after sunset, and fly continuously through a relatively small area, rarely travelling more than {{convert|100|m}} from their roost.[3] Echolocation in banana pipistrelles consists of steep, frequency modulated calls lasting four or five milliseconds, with a dominant frequency of about 43 kHz.[6] Males also make longer calls with up to eight syllables when encountering other males; sometimes two individuals may engage in ultrasonic vocal 'duels' lasting up to twenty minutes and concluding with a chase through the air. When distressed, both sexes emit noisy 'squabble' calls of variable pitch.[3] ReproductionMales are reproductively fertile from June to late September, and most mature females are pregnant by the end of July. The females are capable of storing semen in their reproductive tracts for extended periods.[7] Gestation lasts eight weeks, and, in many parts of Africa, birth of one or two young occurs at the beginning of the wet season, around November, although in other areas it can apparently happen at any time of the year.[3] The young are weaned at eight weeks,[5] and are fully grown at five months.[3] References1. ^1 {{IUCN | id=44923 | taxon=Pipistrellus nana | assessor=Hutson, A.M. | display-assessors=etal | assessment_year=2008 | version = 2012.2 }} {{Vespertilionidae|V.|V.}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q277207}}2. ^{{MSW3|id=13802268}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite journal |author1=Lausen, C.L. |author2=Barclay, R.M.R. |lastauthoramp=yes | year = 2005 | title = Pipistrellus nanus | journal = Mammalian Species | pages = Number 784: pp. 1–7 | doi = 10.1644/784.1}} 4. ^{{cite journal |author1=Thewissen, J.G.M. |author2=Etnier, S.A. |lastauthoramp=yes | year = 1995 | title = Adhesive devices on the thumb of vespertilionoid bats (Chiroptera) | journal = Journal of Mammalogy | volume = 76 | issue = 3 | jstor=1382762 | pages = 925–936 | doi=10.2307/1382762}} 5. ^1 {{cite journal |author1=LaVal, R.K. |author2=LaVal, M.L. |lastauthoramp=yes | year = 1977 | title = Reproduction and behavior of the African banana bat, Pipistrellus nanus | journal = Journal of Mammalogy | volume = 58 | issue = 3 | jstor=1379339 | pages = 403–410 | doi=10.2307/1379339}} 6. ^{{cite journal | author = Taylor, P.J. | year = 1999 | title = Echolocation calls of twenty southern African bat species | journal = South African Journal of Zoology | volume = 34 | issue = 3 | url=http://content.ajarchive.org/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/00445096&CISOPTR=1401&REC=16 | pages = 114–124}} 7. ^{{cite journal | author = Bernard, R.T.F. | year = 1997 | title = Sperm storage in a seasonally reproducing African vespertilionid, the banana bat (Pipistrellus nanus) from Malawi | journal = Journal of Zoology | volume = 241 | issue = 1 | pages = 161–174 | doi = 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1997.tb05506.x|display-authors=etal}} 3 : Neoromicia|Taxonomy articles created by Polbot|Mammals described in 1852 |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。