| 词条 | Banpo |
| 释义 |
| name = Banpo | native_name = 半坡 | native_name_lang = | alternate_name = | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | map = | map_type = China | map_alt = | map_caption = location in China | map_size = | relief = 1 | coordinates = {{coord|34.273|109.051|display=inline}} | location = Shaanxi | region = China | type = | built = 6700 BP | abandoned = 5600 BP | epochs = Neolithic China | cultures = Yangshao culture }}Banpo (Bànpō) is an archaeological site discovered in 1953 and located in the Yellow River Valley just east of Xi'an, China. It contains the remains of several well organized Neolithic settlements, like Jiangzhai, carbon dated to 6700–5600 years ago.[1][2][3][4] The area of {{convert|5|to|6|ha|sp=us|sigfig=2}} is surrounded by a ditch, probably a defensive moat, {{convert|5|to|6|m|ft|sp=us|sigfig=2}} wide. The houses were circular, built of mud and wood with overhanging thatched roofs. They sat on low foundations. There appear to be communal burial areas.[5] Banpo is the type site associated with Yangshao Culture. Archaeological sites with similarities to the first phase at Banpo are considered to be part of the “Banpo phase” (7th millennium {{sc|BC}}) of the Yangshao culture. Banpo was excavated from 1954 to 1957. The settlement was surrounded by a moat, with the graves and pottery kilns located outside the moat perimeter. Many of the houses were semisubterranean with the floor typically {{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us|sigfig=1}} below the ground surface. The houses were supported by timber poles and had steeply pitched thatched roofs. According to the Marxist paradigm of archaeology that was prevalent in the China during the time of the excavation of the site, Banpo was considered to be a matriarchal society; however, new research contradicts this claim and the Marxist paradigm is gradually being phased out in modern Chinese archaeological research.[6] Currently, little can be said of the religious or political structure from these ruins from the archeological evidence.[5][7] The site is now home to the Xi'an Banpo Museum, built in 1957 to preserve the archaeological collection.[8] See also
Footnotes1. ^{{cite book |doi=10.1007/978-90-481-8716-4_8 | chapter=Climate Change and Desertification with Special Reference to the Cases in China |title=Changing Climates, Earth Systems and Society |year=2010 |last1=Yang |first1=Xiaoping |isbn=978-90-481-8715-7 |pages=177–187}} 2. ^{{cite book |chapter-url=http://faravashi.ir/download/Stark%20(ed.)%202006%20Archaeology%20of%20Asia.pdf |chapter=East Asian plant domestication |pages=77–95 |title=Archaeology of Asia | author1=Crawford | first1=Garry W. |editor-link1=Miriam Stark| editor=Miriam T. Stark |date=2004 |publisher=Blackwell Publishing Ltd}} 3. ^{{cite journal |url=http://www.homepages.ucl.ac.uk/~tcrndfu/articles/china%20overview%20pre.pdf |title=A Critical Assessment of Early Agriculture in East Asia, with emphasis on Lower Yangzte Rice Domestication |last1=Fuller |first1=Dorian Q |last2=Qin |first2=Ling |last3=Harvey |first3=Emma |journal=Pragdhara |year=2008 |pages=17–52}} 4. ^{{cite journal |pmid=21592462 |year=2011 |last1=Meng |first1=Y |last2=Zhang |first2=HQ |last3=Pan |first3=F |last4=He |first4=ZD |last5=Shao |first5=JL |last6=Ding |first6=Y |title=Prevalence of dental caries and tooth wear in a Neolithic population (6700-5600 years BP) from northern China |volume=56 |issue=11 |pages=1424–35 |doi=10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.04.003 |journal=Archives of Oral Biology}} 5. ^1 {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dEBY37og6PYC |pages=8–9 |title=A Global History of Architecture |isbn=9780470902455 |author1=Jarzombek |first1=Mark M |last2=Prakash |first2=Vikramaditya |date=2011-02-09}} 6. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lhT0Z4L4g-kC |page=11 |title=The Chinese Neolithic |isbn=9781139441704 |author1=Liu |first1=Li |year=2004}} 7. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1073/pnas.0900158106 |title=Earliest domestication of common millet (Panicum miliaceum) in East Asia extended to 10,000 years ago |year=2009 |last1=Lu |first1=H. |last2=Zhang |first2=J. |last3=Liu |first3=K.-b. |last4=Wu |first4=N. |last5=Li |first5=Y. |last6=Zhou |first6=K. |last7=Ye |first7=M. |last8=Zhang |first8=T. |last9=Zhang |first9=H. |last10=Yang |first10=X. |last11=Shen |first11=L. |last12=Xu |first12=D. |last13=Li |first13=Q. |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=106 |issue=18 |pages=7367–72 |pmid=19383791 |pmc=2678631|display-authors=8 }} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.chinamuseums.com/ban_po.htm |title=Banpo Museum in Xi'an |publisher=chinamuseums.com |accessdate=29 July 2013}} References
10 : Populated places established in the 7th millennium BC|History of Xi'an|Archaeological sites in China|Neolithic cultures of China|Neolithic settlements|Former populated places in China|Archaeological type sites|Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Shaanxi|7th-millennium BC establishments|Tourist attractions in Xi'an |
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