| 词条 | Barisan Revolusi Nasional |
| 释义 |
| name = Patani Malayu National Revolutionary Front Barisan Revolusi Nasional Melayu Patani ขบวนการแนวร่วมปฏิวัติแห่งชาติมลายูปัตตานี | native_name = | native_name_lang = | other_name = | logo = Flag of the Barisan Revolusi Nasional (Koordinasi).svg | caption = Flag of the Patani Malayu National Revolutionary Front {{refn|group=note|name=Flag|Currently the use of the black flag of Jihad by BRN-C affiliated groups has largely replaced the former BRN flag.}} | dates = | leader = Hassan Taib, Masae Useng, Sapaeng Basoe, Abdullah Munir, Dulloh Waeman (Ustadz Loh), Abroseh Parehruepoh, Abdulkanin Kalupang, Isma-ae Toyalong, Arduenan Mama, Bororting Binbuerheng and Yusuf Rayalong (Ustadz Ismae-ae), among others. | motives = | area = Pattani region, Thailand | ideology = Pattani separatism (formerly) Militant Islam Malay nationalism | crimes = | attacks = South Thailand insurgency | status = | size = 200,000 (target) | revenue = | financing = | url = }} The Barisan Revolusi Nasional Melayu Patani,[1][2] also known by the shorter form Barisan Revolusi Nasional (BRN), meaning "National Revolutionary Front", is a Patani independence movement in northern Malaysia and Patani, southern Thailand. As of 2017, it is the most powerful rebel group in the region.[3][4] Originally the BRN was established as a roughly territorial organisation, prioritizing Pattani secessionism. Since 2001, however, the BRN-C (BRN-Coordinasi) has become its most active wing, leading the south Thailand insurgency and imposing extreme religious values on the local society.[5] The BRN-C, through its "Pejuang Kemerdekaan Patani" paramilitary wing, is the main group behind the murder of teachers in the Southern Border Provinces.[5] HistoryThe BRN was founded on 13 March 1963 by Haji Abdul Karim Hassan. By 1984 three main factions were discernible within the group:[6] BRN-KoordinasiThe BRN-Coordinate or BRN-C (BRN-Koordinasi) is currently the largest, most active and best organised of the BRN subgroups. Rejecting the Pan-Arab socialist thought that influenced the early BRN, it favours Salafist ideology and is involved in political activism in the mosques and indoctrination at Islamic schools. The main recruiting unit of the BRN-C is the Pemuda (youth) student group and its leaders are mainly Islamic religious teachers, including veterans of the Soviet–Afghan War.[5] The BRN-Koordinasi is acknowledged as the group currently spearheading the insurgency in southern Thailand and is at the origin of the group known as Runda Kumpulan Kecil (RKK) to which most violent attacks have been attributed in the last decade.[7] The BRN-C sees no reason for negotiations and is against talks with other insurgent groups. The BRN-C has the vision of becoming a mass-organisation. It has as its immediate aim to make southern Thailand ungovernable, having largely been successful at it.[8] StructureThe Pejuang Kemerdekaan Patani (Patani Independence Fighters) are the paramilitary wing of the BRN-C. These militant units operate in the rural areas of southern Thailand working along with the BRN-Coordinate leadership in a loosely organised strictly clandestine cell system dependent on hard-line religious leaders for direction.[9] These armed groups of youth have routinely intimidated and terrorised local Buddhists, as well as local Muslims who don't share the extreme ideologies of the BRN.[12] They are also behind the attacks on schoolteachers.[10] Other groups
The group's violent separatist insurgency began in 2004, with tactics such as setting two bombs at one location, with the second designed to kill and injure those attending the aftermath of the first. In total, the southern insurgency has killed more than 6,000 people.[12] Incidents{{see also|Runda Kumpulan Kecil}}In the past decade the BRN-C has been involved in numerous arson, bombing, and murder attacks to create an atmosphere of fear and uncertainty in the three southern provinces of Thailand. Thai military observers believe that the attacks are mostly carried out by its loosely affiliated and clandestine RKK outfit.[13][14] On 1 May 2013 insurgents attacked a restaurant in the Pattani Region. The perpetrators, armed with machine guns, killed six people including a two-year-old child.[15] The act was an act of revenge, that appeared twelve hours following the action in the three predominantly Muslim provinces of Narathiwat, Pattani and Yala.[16] Use of childrenIn 2013 and 2014, the UN received reports that the BRN and other armed groups had recruited boys and girls from the age of 14;[17][18] children were given military training and assigned as combatants, informants and scouts.[18] No such reports were recorded by the UN in 2015 or 2016.[19][20] See also
Notes1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/pages/FREE-PATANI%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5/146898935385560|title=Free Patani ขออิสรภาพแก่ปาตานี)|work=Facebook|accessdate=28 November 2014}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://ummahpatani.blogspot.com/2013/06/pengistiharan-barisan-revolusi-nasional.html|title=Pengistiharan Barisan Revolusi Nasional Melayu Patani (B.R.N.) Ke-4|author=Ummah Patani|publisher=|accessdate=28 November 2014}} 3. ^{{cite news|title=Repression is feeding the Muslim insurgency in southern Thailand|url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21726119-it-does-not-help-military-junta-has-cast-itself-protector-buddhism-repression|accessdate=11 August 2017|work=The Economist|date=10 August 2017}} 4. ^{{cite news|title=Thailand’s southern insurgency: No end in sight|url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21684829-southern-village-tries-remain-united-divisions-elsewhere-grow-no-end-sight|accessdate=3 January 2016|work=The Economist|date=2 January 2016}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2012/12/17/thailand-rebels-escalate-killings-teachers|title=Human Rights Watch - Thailand: Rebels Escalate Killings of Teachers|publisher=|accessdate=28 November 2014}} 6. ^{{cite news|title=A Breakdown of Southern Thailand's Insurgent Groups. Terrorism Monitor Volume: 4 Issue: 17.|url=http://www.jamestown.org/single/?tx_ttnews[tt_news]=893|author=Zachary Abuza|publisher=Jamestown Foundation|date=8 September 2006|accessdate=10 May 2014}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.jamestown.org/programs/tm/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=893&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=181&no_cache=1#.VDvmdGfOJqk|title=A Breakdown of Southern Thailand's Insurgent Groups. Terrorism Monitor Volume: 4 Issue: 17|work=The Jamestown Foundation|accessdate=28 November 2014}} 8. ^Zachary Abuza, The Ongoing Insurgency in Southern Thailand, INSS, p. 20 9. ^Rohan Gunaratna & Arabinda Acharya , The Terrorist Threat from Thailand: Jihad Or Quest for Justice? 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2014/03/30/thailand-separatists-targeting-teachers-south|title=Thailand: Separatists Targeting Teachers in South|publisher=Human Rights Watch|accessdate=28 November 2014}} 11. ^1 No one is safe - The Ongoing Insurgency in Southern Thailand: Trends in Violence, Counterinsurgency Operations, and the Impact of National Politics, Human Rights Watch, p. 18 12. ^[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-37059508 Who is behind the Thailand bombings?], BBC News, 12 August 2016 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/lite/news/351710/favicon.ico|title=Visakha Bucha Day blast kills 5|author=Post Publishing PCL.|publisher=|accessdate=28 November 2014}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://bangkokpost.com/lite/topstories/373304/state-informant-shot-dead-in-rebel-revenge-attack|title=State informant shot dead in rebel revenge attack|author=Post Publishing PCL.|publisher=|accessdate=28 November 2014}} 15. ^6 killed in shooting in Thailand's restive south - Toshiba {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223102052/http://start.toshiba.com/news/read/category/Asia%20News/article/ap-6_killed_in_shooting_in_thailands_restiv-ap |date=23 February 2014 }} 16. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-22378486|title=Gun attack in Thailand's south leaves six dead|work=BBC News|accessdate=28 November 2014}} 17. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/68/878&Lang=E&Area=UNDOC|title=Report of the Secretary-General: Children and armed conflict, 2014|last=United Nations Secretary-General|first=|date=2014|website=www.un.org|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-01-24}} 18. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/69/926&Lang=E&Area=UNDOC|title=Report of the Secretary-General: Children and armed conflict, 2015|last=United Nations Secretary-General|first=|date=2015|website=www.un.org|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-01-24}} 19. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/70/836&Lang=E&Area=UNDOC|title=Report of the Secretary-General: Children and armed conflict, 2016|last=United Nations Secretary-General|first=|date=2016|website=www.un.org|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-01-24}} 20. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/2017/821&Lang=E&Area=UNDOC|title=Report of the Secretary-General: Children and armed conflict, 2017|last=United Nations Secretary-General|first=|date=2017|website=www.un.org|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-01-24}} References{{reflist|2}}{{Southern Thailand Insurgency}}{{IslamismSEA}}{{Portal bar|Discrimination|War|Terrorism|Thailand}}Barisan Revolusi Nasional Melayu Pataniขบวนการแนวร่วมปฏิวัติแห่งชาติมลายูปัตตานี 4 : South Thailand insurgency|Rebel groups in Thailand|Islamist groups|Jihadist groups |
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