| 词条 | Battle of Artaxata |
| 释义 |
conflict=Battle of Artaxata| image= | caption=| partof=Third Mithridatic War| date= 68 BC| place= near Artaxata, Armenia| result=Roman victory[1]| combatant1=Roman Republic| combatant2=Kingdom of Armenia, commander1=Lucius Licinius Lucullus| commander2=Tigranes II of Armenia strength1= 15,000+ infantry strength2= unknown but a significant number of cavalry and infantry| casualties1=unknown| casualties2=unknown but higher| }}{{Campaignbox Mithridatic Wars}}{{Campaignbox Third Mithridatic War}} The Battle of Artaxata was fought near the Arsanias river in 68 BC between an army of the Roman Republic and an Armenian army. The Romans were led by proconsul Lucius Licinius Lucullus, while the Armenians were led by King Tigranes II of Armenia, who was sheltering King Mithridates VI of Pontus. The battle was part of the Third Mithridatic War. The Romans were victorious. BackgroundAfter being defeated by the Romans in Asia Minor and in his native kingdom of Pontus, Mithridates VI of Pontus fled to his son-in-law Tigranes II of Armenia. Lucullus sent his brother-in-law Appius Claudius Pulcher to negotiate the surrender of Mithridates but Claudius failed.[2] In 69 BC Lucullus suddenly marched his relatively small army into Armenia catching the Armenian king off guard. Tigranes assebled a huge (but untrained) army and the two forces met a Tigranocerta, the kingdom's new capital. Lucullus totally outgeneraled Tigranes and won a stunning victory at the battle of Tigranocerta.[3] Tigranes and Mithridates fled north to Armenia's old capital of Artaxata where they recruited, trained and equipped a new army. The next year Lucullus marched his army north intend on forcing his enemies into a decisive battle. PreludeThe Romans were marching towards Artaxata, the Kingdom's old capital, to force Tigranes to do battle. Tigranes, on Mithridates advice, had been avoiding a battle after being defeated at Tigranocerta. He knew his untrained army was no match for the disciplined and battle hardened Roman troops. Since the Romans objective (Artaxata) was clear to them Tigranes and Mithridates had been preparing and training their army for the unavoidable battle but needed time. Lucullus was not inclined to grant them the time needed and marched strait for the capital. Eventually Tigranes had little choice and confronted the Romans. Lucullus, a pious man, made sacrifices to the gods and then marched out of his camp for a pitched battle. The battleThe Armenian force consisted of a significant cavalry and infantry array protected by mounted archers and Iberian lance-men. There was an initial skirmish between these Iberians and the Roman horse, and soon the Iberians were in full flight. Tigranes then showed up with a huge contingent of cavalry, Lucullus is said to be frightened by the number of enemies. He halted his cavalry's pursuit of the Iberians and advanced the infantry on the Atropani who were massed opposite it. These were routed, and soon the entire Armenian army was in retreat.[4] AftermathAlmost immediately after the battle there was a near mutiny in Lucullus' camp. His troops had had enough, they had marched for 960 miles (1,500 km) fought countless battles and had little to show for it. They refused to march after Tigranes and Mithridates and forced Lucullus to turn south and invade the Armenia possession in Mesopotamia. Mithridates and Tigranes turned to guerilla warfare and soon Armenia was back in Tigranes' hands. Mithridates returned to Pontus where he, after the battle of Zela, returned to power too. Eventually the Roman government sent Gnaeus Pompeius (better known as Pompey) to replace Lucullus and finish of Mithridates. Pompey was successful, Mithridates was defeated at the battle of Lycus in 66 BC, Tigranes submitted a few months later. Pompey went on to conquer the east for Rome. In 63 BC the third Mithridatic war finally ended when Mithidates, at the age of 68, committed suicide after his troops rebelled at Phanagoria (in Russia).[5] Notes1. ^Lucullus, Pompey and the East, A.N. Sherwin-White, The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 9, ed. J. A. Crook, Andrew Lintott, Elizabeth Rawson, (Cambridge University Press, 1994), 242; Catherine Steel, The End of the Roman Republic 146 to 44 BC: Conquest and Crisis, (Edinburgh University Press, 2013), 141; Lee Frantantuono, Lucullus, the life and campaigns of a Roman conqueror, p.103. 2. ^Lee Frantantuono, Lucullus, the life and campaigns of a Roman conqueror, p.103. 3. ^Lee Frantantuono, Lucullus, the life and campaigns of a Roman conqueror, pp.89-91; Philip Matyszak, Mithridates the Great, Rome's indomitable enemy, pp.128-136. 4. ^Plutarch, Vita Luculli XXXI 4-8(Life of Lucullus, 31.4-8); Lee Frantantuono, Lucullus, the life and campaigns of a Roman conqueror, p.103; Philip Matyszak, Mithridates the Great, Rome's indomitable enemy, p.139. 5. ^Philip Matyszak, Mithridates the Great, Rome's indomitable enemy, pp.159-162. References
4 : 68 BC|Battles involving the Roman Republic|Battles involving the Kingdom of Armenia|60s BC conflicts |
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