| 词条 | Battle of Carthage (238) |
| 释义 |
|conflict=Battle of Carthage |partof= |image= |caption= |date=12 April 238 |place=Near Carthage |casus= |territory= |result=Maximinus victory |combatant1=Numidian forces loyal to Roman Emperor Maximinus Thrax |combatant2=Forces of Gordian I and Gordian II |commander1=Capelianus |commander2=Gordian II † |strength1=one legion other veteran units |strength2=larger army of untrained militia |casualties1= |casualties2= }}{{Campaignbox Crisis of the Third Century}} The Battle of Carthage was fought in 238 AD between a Roman army loyal to Emperor Maximinus Thrax and the forces of Emperors Gordian I and Gordian II. BackgroundGordian I and II were father and son, both supported by the Roman Senate and based in Africa Province. The battle was part of a rebellion against Emperor Maximinus Thrax started by landowners who felt they had been overly and unfairly taxed. These landowners assassinated the procurator in Thysdrus and called on Gordian I and his son Gordian II to be their emperors.[1] Capelianus was the governor of Numidia who had a previous grudge against Gordian I according to Herodian. Herodian says this grudge was developed after a lawsuit involving the two. Soon after being elected emperor, Gordian I sent a replacement to Numidia to replace his old enemy Capelianus. This action would eventually lead to his untimely demise.[2]The battleGordian I marched from Thysdrus to Carthage, where news of the rebellion was welcomed.[3] Capelianus led the only legion in Africa, Legio III Augusta, in battle against the two emperors.[3] The two armies met near Carthage. Gordian II personally led his army, consisting of militiamen without military training: he was defeated and killed. Upon learning of his son's death, Gordian I committed suicide.[4] The father and son's reign lasted a total of 28 days.[5] Lasting effectsWith the death of the two Gordians the Roman senate elected two new emperors that were not popular with the public. The senate then decided to turn to the 13-year-old Gordian III to become the new Caesar.[2][4] References1. ^{{cite book|last1=Townsend|first1=Prescott|title=The revolution of A.D. 238: the leaders and their aims|publisher=Yale Classical Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rgScXwAACAAJ&dq=The+revolution+of+A.D.+238:+the+leaders+and+their+aims&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Qa82VKiuBNCoyAST_YCQBQ&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA|accessdate=9 October 2014}} {{coord missing|Tunisia}}{{AncientRome-battle-stub}}2. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Wasson|first1=Donald|title=Gordian Emperors|url=http://www.ancient.eu/Gordian_Emperors/|website=Ancient.eu|publisher=Ancient History Encyclopedia|accessdate=16 October 2014}} 3. ^{{cite book | last = Brent| first = Allen| authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Cyprian and Roman Carthage| publisher = Cambridge University Press| series = | volume = | edition = | year = 2010| location = New York| pages = 118| language = | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=pGAThuzyVXcC&pg=PA118&lpg=PA118&dq=Legio+III+Augusta+at+carthage&source=bl&ots=QJeYEzQuug&sig=zbJehkqdwqsLxdLBpPB16BnXNqM&hl=en&sa=X&ei=4n4ZUJ7fJ8Tl0QHF84CIBQ&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAzgK#v=onepage&q=Legio%20III%20Augusta%20at%20carthage&f=false| doi = | id = | isbn = | mr = | zbl = | jfm = }} 4. ^1 2 {{cite web | last = Meckler| first = Michael A.| authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Gordian I (238 A.D.)| work = Die Imperatoribus Romanis| publisher = Salve Regina University| date = 26 June 2001| url = http://www.roman-emperors.org/gordo1.htm| doi = | accessdate = 1 August 2012}} 5. ^{{cite journal|last1=Levit-Tawil|first1=Dalia|title=The Sasanian Rock Relief at Darabgird-A Re-Evaluation|journal=Journal of Near Eastern Studies|date=July 1992|volume=51|issue= 3|page=13|jstor=545542}} 4 : Battles involving the Roman Empire|238|230s conflicts|230s in the Roman Empire |
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