| 词条 | Battle of Durazzo (1915) |
| 释义 |
|conflict=First Battle of Durazzo |image=HMS Dartmouth (1911).jpg |image_size=300px |caption=HMS Dartmouth |partof=World War I, Battle of the Mediterranean, Battle of the Adriatic |date=28–29 December 1915 |place=off Durazzo, Albania, Adriatic Sea |result=Allied victory |combatant1=Allies: {{flag|Kingdom of Italy|name=Italy}} {{flag|French Third Republic|name=France}} {{flag|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|name=United Kingdom}} |combatant2={{flag|Austria-Hungary}} |commander1= |commander2= |strength1=Italian: 2 scout cruisers, 4 destroyers French: 5 destroyers, 1 submarine British 2 light cruisers |strength2=Land: unknown artillery, ~3 shore batteries Sea: 1 scout cruiser, 5 destroyers, 1 submarine |casualties1=1 submarine sunk, 1 scout cruiser damaged |casualties2=2 destroyers sunk, 1 light cruiser damaged, 1 destroyer damaged |notes=One Greek merchant steamer and two schooners were sunk at Durazzo during the battle. }}{{Campaignbox Mediterranean Sea 1914-1918}} The First Battle of Durazzo was a naval battle of World War I. It was fought off Durazzo, Albania at the end of December 1915 and involved the navies of Austria-Hungary, the United Kingdom, Italy, and France. BattleIn December 1915, the Austro-Hungarian Navy sent another cruiser squadron into the Adriatic, this time to interfere with the Serbian Campaign. The new scout cruiser {{Ship|SMS|Helgoland|Austria-Hungary|6}}—accompanied by five {{sclass-|Tátra|destroyer}}s—left Cattaro and headed for Durazzo late on 28 December 1915, with the submarine {{Ship|SM|U-15|Austria-Hungary|2}} and two destroyers already off Durazzo on patrol. While on passage, the Austro-Hungarians sighted the French submarine {{Ship|French submarine|Monge|1908|2}} on patrol to the south of Cattaro. The destroyer {{SMS|Balaton}} opened fire before ramming and sinking Monge. Early the next day, the Austrian squadron arrived off Durazzo and opened fire on the town, with Helgoland sinking a Greek steamer and two schooners. Then the destroyer {{SMS|Lika}} ran into a minefield and was sunk, then {{SMS|Triglav}} was crippled by another mine. {{SMS|Csepel}} attempted to take Triglav in tow, but fouled a propeller, and the job was taken over by {{SMS|Tátra}}. The Austrian force now returned slowly north. Allied forces in Brindisi were alerted to the Austrian force, and the British light cruiser {{HMS|Dartmouth|1911|6}} and the Italian scout cruiser {{Ship|Italian cruiser|Quatro||2}}, escorted by five French destroyers, sortied in an attempt to cut off the Austro-Hungarian ships from their base at Cattaro. These were followed two hours later by the Italian scout cruiser {{Ship|Italian cruiser|Nino Bixio||2}}, the British light cruiser {{HMS|Weymouth|1910|6}} and four Italian destroyers. The Austrians also responded and despatched from Cattaro, the armoured cruiser Kaiser Karl VI, and the light cruiser Novara, to support the returning survivors of the raid, but they did not see action. Early in the afternoon of 29 December, the forward Allied ships came into action with the Austrian squadron which was still only halfway home. The French destroyers headed for the Austrian destroyer Triglav and sank her before attempting to rejoin the British and Italian cruisers. Meanwhile, the Allied cruisers attempted to cut off and deal with Helgoland and the three remaining destroyers. In a long-range gunnery duel fought throughout the afternoon, Helgoland skillfully avoided the Allied cruisers and reached Cattaro safely but with the loss of the valuable Lika and Triglav. Tatra suffered a damaged engine from several shell hits. See also
Bibliography
10 : Naval battles of World War I involving Austria-Hungary|Naval battles of World War I involving France|Naval battles of World War I involving Italy|Naval battles of World War I involving the United Kingdom|Mediterranean naval operations of World War I|1915 in Austria-Hungary|Battles involving Austria|1915 in France|Conflicts in 1915|December 1915 events |
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