“Battle of Frastanz”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Battle of Frastanz between an army of the Old Swiss Confederacy and the troops of king Maximilian I of the Holy Roman Empire took place on 20 April 1499. In one of the many raids of the Swabian War, an expedition of Habsburg troops had plundered some villages in the Swiss Confederacy, who responded by sending an army to Vorarlberg. At Frastanz, a few kilometers south-east of Feldkirch, the Habsburg troops had blocked the entry to the Montafon valley with a strong wooden fortification called a Letzi. The Swiss used a flanking maneuver to bypass the Letzi and after a hard battle routed Maximilian's army. Many Landsknechte drowned in the river Ill.

The battle

Because a frontal assault on the strong fortifications at Frastanz seemed futile, the commander of the Swiss troops, Heinrich Wolleb from Uri, devised an alternate battle plan. Some 2,000 men were to cross the Roya mountain, clear it from Tyrolean troops and then attack the main camp of the Habsburg army from the side. Another 5,000 men under the command of count Ulrich von Sax were to advance at the foot of the mountain and then meet the first group, also attacking from the mountain above and behind the Letzi. Some 1,600 men from the Grisons should stay put to keep the garrison at Feldkirch at bay.

Wolleb's troop was quickly engaged by the Tyrolean soldiers, but managed to drive them down the mountain. At a place called Fellengatter, they met again with the other part of the Swiss army. The Habsburg troops, amongst them many Landsknechte of the Swabian League, attacked them, but when the Swiss charged from their higher ground, the Swabian battle line collapsed. Accounts vary; some claim the fight was long and hard, others mention that the Swiss overran the Landsknechte.^[5]^[6] Heinrich Wolleb fell through a gun bullet.^[7] The Swiss ultimately drove the Habsburg soldiers back. On their flight, many drowned in the river Ill, which ran high due to the snowmelt in spring.

The Swiss camped three days at the battlefield and plundered and burned the villages in the area.^[8]

References

1. ^¹{{HDS|8890|Battle of Frastanz|author=Schibler, T.|date=2005-03-31}}
2. ^Klöppel, H.: Burg und Herrschaft Frischenberg {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929210412/http://www.schule-sax.ch/sagenwelt/hintergrund_02.htm |date=September 29, 2007 }}. In German. URL last accessed 2006-09-17.
3. ^N.N.: Short summary of the battle {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706094310/http://home.schule.at/webs/Landsknechte/chronik.htm |date=July 6, 2011 }}. In German. URL last accessed 2006-09-17.
4. ^State Archive of Liechtenstein: Liechtensteinisches Urkundenbuch; Regesten: 1499 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928042508/http://www.llv.li/pdf-llv-la-reg_si_1499.pdf |date=September 28, 2007 }}. URL last accessed 2009-09-17.
5. ^Forum 1499: Wie die Schwäbschen gan Frastitz in die Letze zugend, und die Eitgnossen das vernamend, schnell dahin zugend und die gewunend und ein grosse schlacht tatend. In German. URL last accessed 2006-09-17.
6. ^N.N.: Frastanz im Mittelalter {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070313091828/http://www.frastanz.at/content.asp?strContId=26 |date=March 13, 2007 }}. In German. URL last accessed 2006-09-17.
7. ^Morard, N.: Die Eidgenossen auf der europäischen Bühne, here p. 323; in Schwabe & Co. (ed.): Geschichte der Schweiz und der Schweizer; Schwabe & Co 1986/2004; {{ISBN|3-7965-2067-7}}.
8. ^Stüssi-Lauterburg, J.: Der Schwabenkrieg 1499, 1999. (PDF file, 37kB.) In German. URL last accessed 2006-09-17.