| 词条 | Battle of Malcolm's Mills |
| 释义 |
|image = |caption = Plaque of the Battle of Malcolm's Mills in Brant County |conflict = Battle of Malcolm's Mills |partof = the War of 1812 |date = November 6, 1814 |place = Oakland, Brant County, Ontario |result = American victory |combatant1 = {{flagicon|United States|1795}} United States |combatant2 = {{flagcountry|UKGBI}} {{flag|Upper Canada}} |commander1 = Duncan McArthur |commander2 = Henry Bostwick Colonel Ryason |strength1 = 800 |strength2 = 550 |casualties1 = 1 killed 6 wounded |casualties2 = 18 killed 9 wounded 126 taken prisoner 450 killed, wounded or captured during entire raid }}{{Campaignbox War of 1812: Old Northwest}}{{Campaignbox | name = Campaignbox War of 1812: Niagara frontier | title = Niagara Frontier | listclass = hlist | battles =
}} The Battle of Malcolm's Mills was the last battle of the War of 1812 fought in the Canadas. A force of American cavalry overran and scattered a force of Canadian militia and British regulars. The battle was fought on November 6, 1814, near the village of Oakland in Brant County, Upper Canada, and was part of a series of battles fought by American Brigadier General Duncan McArthur on an extended raid into Upper Canada, known variously as McArthur's Raid or Dudley's Raid. Marching over {{convert|200|mi}} into Canada, American troops arrived back at Detroit on November 17 after 11 days of raiding the Ontario Peninsula. McArthur's RaidIn October 1814, an invading American force of about 700 mounted infantry under Brigadier General Duncan McArthur advanced rapidly as they left Detroit and raided the Thames Valley. The plan was to devastate the Grand River settlements and the region around the head of Lake Ontario which supplied flour to the British forces on the Niagara frontier. The Canadian militia in the region was caught unaware by this swift raid from the west, and McArthur's force continued east at a fairly rapid pace, arriving first at Oxford, on November 4, and finding no defenders, McArthur advanced to Burford, where the entrenched Canadians and British quickly abandoned their positions and fled into the country-side. The American forces continued on to Brant's Ford on the Grand River on November 5.[1] Skirmish at Brant's FordMcArthur reached Brant's Ford on November 5 to find that the higher ground on the east bank of the ford was occupied by Major Adam Muir's 50 militia and 50 Haudenosaunee warriors under Teyoninhokarawen, who were prepared to dispute the passage. McArthur's men engaged the Canadian defenders, but after heavy rain stopped him from fording the river. With British reinforcements arriving, McArthur withdrew and turned his force south to raid the settlements along the north shore of Lake Erie, on a route that would lead them back to Detroit.[1] Battle of Malcolm's MillsOn November 6, 1814 McArthur's men encountered a group of 550 combined British and Canadian militia, commanded by Colonels Ryerson and Bostwick, at Malcolm's Mills. The Americans arrived early in the day and succeeded in sending a flanking force downstream unseen. When the attack began, the American cavalry easily forded the creek and began careful skirmishing to pin down the defending force while two columns flanked the defender's position on both sides. The flanking maneuver caught the militia by surprise, and the American force quickly drove them from the field. The Americans succeeded in destroying the mills and stores of grain, depriving the British and Canadian forces in Canada of their major source of flour.[1] In his journals, McArthur stated that his cavalry lost 1 man with 6 wounded. The combined British and Canadian militia suffered 18 dead and 9 wounded, and 126 taken prisoner, the remaining troops escaped in the panic that ensued during the rout. Battles of Dover and Savareen MillsMcArthur now turned westward towards Dover in pursuit of the recently routed forces. The Americans captured sixty-five Canadians at Savareen Mills and burned the mills and continued on to Dover, where another thirty more surrendered and two more mills were burned.[1] Withdrawal of the AmericansFinding himself and his forces over two hundred miles from the American border, and in the midst of hostile country, where the population and militias were seeking them, in addition to hostile Indian tribes, on November 10 McArthur began his withdrawal. They were shadowed by over 1,100 of the combined Canadian forces, following closely behind but not engaging. On November 17 the Americans reached Sandwich, Ontario, across the Detroit River from Detroit. They crossed the river the next day, and the men were honorably discharged to return home to Ohio and Kentucky.[1] Forces of BattleThe American forces participating in McArthur's Raid[1]
The Canadian forces engaged at Malcolm's Mills
AftermathThe battle at Malcolm's Mill was the last land battle of the War of 1812 fought in Upper Canada. McArthur's force continued to the Lake Erie shore, then headed north and back to the Thames and along the southern shore of Lake St. Clair, arriving back at Detroit on November 17, 1814. Over eleven hundred of the British, including the 19th Light Dragoons, led by Major Peter Chambers, pursued McArthur's force for a large part of their return to Detroit, but they were never able to get within seven miles of the American forces. McArthur's Raid successfully destroyed the mills that the British forces were dependent upon for flour and bread. Additionally, the Americans killed, wounded or captured over 450 of their enemy, which was accomplished with only the loss of one killed and six wounded. Because of his command of 550 mounted troops the raid has also been known as "Dudley's Raid".[1] Citations1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite book|last1=Quisenberry|first1=Anderson Chenault|title=Kentucky in the War of 1812|date=1915|publisher=Kentucky State Historical Society|location=Kentucky|pages=111–120|edition=Genealogical Publishing Co. 1996|url=https://archive.org/details/KentuckyInTheWarOf1812?id=yUZ3FU2QMncC&lpg=PA112&ots=QgZdpeOoGj&dq=Dudley's%20Mounted%20Battalion&pg=PA110#v=twopage&q&f=true|accessdate=22 June 2014}} References
5 : War of 1812 navigational boxes|Battles of the War of 1812|Military history of Ontario|Conflicts in Ontario|November 1814 events |
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