“Battle of Mokuohai”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Battle of Moku{{okina}}ōhai, fought in 1782 on the island of Hawaii, was a key battle in the early days of Kamehameha I's wars to conquer the Hawaiian Islands. It was his first major victory, solidifying his leadership over much of the island.

Background

After King Kalani{{okina}}opu{{okina}}u died in the spring of 1782, his family took his remains to the royal mausoleum known as Hale o Keawe at the important religious temple Pu{{okina}}uhonua o Hōnaunau. While Kalani{{okina}}opu{{okina}}u's son Kiwala{{okina}}o had inherited the kingdom, his nephew Kamehameha was given a prominent religious position, as well as the district of Waipi{{okina}}o valley. When a group of chiefs from the Kona district, including his brothers and uncles, Keawe-a-Heulu, twins Kamanawa and Kame{{okina}}eiamoku, and Ke{{okina}}eaumoku Pāpa{{okina}}iaheahe, offered to back Kamehameha instead of Kiwala{{okina}}o, he accepted eagerly, traveling back from his residence in Kohala.^[1]

Kiwala{{okina}}o's half-brother Keōua Kuahu{{okina}}ula had been left with no territory from his late father.

He went into a rage, cutting down sacred coconut trees belonging to Kamehameha (considered a great insult) and killing some of Kamehameha's men.

Their bodies were offered as a sacrifice to Kiwala{{okina}}o, who accepted them, and Kamehameha felt he had to respond to the challenge to his honor.^[2]

Battle

The battleground was just to the south of Kealakekua Bay, near the present-day community called Ke{{okina}}ei.,^[3] on the bay now called Moku{{okina}}akae (which could be a misspelling of Moku{{okina}}ōhai), South of Palemano point.The name means "grove of {{okina}}ōhai trees".^[4] The tree, Sesbania tomentosa, is now endangered, and no longer grows in the area, so the site is only known from oral history.

As tensions were building, women and children from both sides flooded into the "place of refuge", Pu{{okina}}uhonua o Hōnaunau.

Kame{{okina}}eiamoku was the first leader injured, but when Kiwala{{okina}}o approached, Kamanawa came to his aid. Then Kiwala{{okina}}o was knocked down by a sling stone, and the injured Kame{{okina}}eiamoku was able to slit his throat with a shark-tooth dagger.^[2]

It was during this battle that the renowned red feather cloak of Kiwala{{okina}}o (now in the Bishop Museum) was captured by Kamehameha the Great.

Aftermath

Keawemauhili (uncle of Kiwala{{okina}}o) was captured but escaped to Hilo, and Keōua Kuahu{{okina}}ula fled to Ka{{okina}}ū where he had relatives.

After the battle, Kamehameha controlled the Northern and Western parts of the Big Island, including Kona, Kohala, and Hamakua while Keawemauhili controlled Hilo and Kiwala{{okina}}o's half-brother Keōua Kuahu{{okina}}ula controlled Ka{{okina}}ū.^[5]

Kamehameha fought several more battles over many years to consolidate his control. In 1790, Keōua's party was to have their footprints frozen into volcanic ash,^[6] and in 1791 Kamehameha's forces finally killed Keōua at Pu{{okina}}ukoholā Heiau.

References

1. ^{{cite book | last = Desha | first = Stephen | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Kamehameha and his warrior Kekühaupi‘o | publisher = Kamehameha Schools Press | year = 2000 | location = Honolulu, HI | pages = | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = 0-87336-056-7}}
2. ^¹William De Witt Alexander (1891) A brief history of the Hawaiian people
3. ^Thomas S.Dye (2003) Archaeological Survey of a Portion of Ke{{okina}}ei Makai{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
4. ^lookup of Mokuohai on Hawaiian Place Names web site
5. ^{{cite book | last = Dukas | first = Neil | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = A Military History of Sovereign Hawaiʻi | publisher = Mutual Publishing | year = 2004 | location = Honolulu | pages = 66–74 | url = http://dukas.org/books/koa/MilHist3.html | isbn = 1-56647-636-4}}
6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/pac/hlov/hlov23.htm|title=XVII The Annihilationion of Keola's Army|last=Westervelt|first=|date=|website=|others=#1Lib1Ref|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=February 1, 2018}}