| 词条 | Boma, Democratic Republic of the Congo | ||||
| 释义 |
|official_name = Boma |other_name = |native_name = |nickname = |settlement_type = |motto = |image_skyline = Boma city centre.jpg |imagesize = 250px |image_caption = View of Boma in 2007 |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |pushpin_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo |pushpin_label_position =bottom |pushpin_map_caption =Location in Democratic Republic of the Congo |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = Democratic Republic of the Congo |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = Kongo Central |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = |established_date = |established_title2 = |established_date2 = |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |area_magnitude = |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 65 |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |area_blank1_sq_mi = |population_as_of =2012 |population_footnotes =[1] |population_note = |population_total =162521 |population_density_km2 =auto |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title = |population_blank1 = |population_blank2_title = |population_blank2 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = |timezone = |utc_offset = |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|5|51|S|13|03|E|region:CD|display=inline}} |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 61 |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = |blank_name = |blank_info = |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |website = |footnotes = }}Boma is a port town on the Congo River, some 100 km upstream from the Atlantic Ocean, in the Kongo Central province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It had an estimated population of 162,521 in 2012.[3] Boma was the capital city of the Congo Free State and Belgian Congo (the modern Democratic Republic of the Congo) from 1 May 1886 to 1926, when the capital was moved to Léopoldville (since renamed Kinshasa). The port handles exports of tropical timber, bananas, cacao, and palm products. HistoryBoma was founded as a slaving station and entrepôt by merchants of several European countries in the 16th century.[4] Trade was chiefly in the hands of Dutch merchants, but British, French and Portuguese firms also had factories there. No European power exercised sovereignty, though claims were from time to time put forward by Portugal. British explorer Henry Morton Stanley arrived here on 9 Aug. 1877, after crossing Africa from east to west.[5] In 1884 the people of Boma were forced to 'grant' a protectorate of their country to the International Association of the Congo, made up of European powers.[6] In 1886 King Leopold of Belgium established the Congo Free State, designating Boma as its capital. He ran the state as his personal fiefdom for several years, nearly enslaving many Congolese with a private military, and abusing them to force rubber production. International outrage and action by the Belgian legislature resulted in the government taking over supervision of what was established as the colony of the Belgian Congo. Boma continued as the capital of the Belgian Congo until 1926. Léopoldville, since renamed as Kinshasa, was designated as the new capital. (This territory is now the modern Democratic Republic of the Congo). TransportBoma lies on the north bank of the Congo River, some 100 km upstream from Muanda, where the river flows into the Atlantic Ocean. The great width and depth of the river allow seagoing ships to reach Boma, which is the second-largest port of DR Congo, after Matadi. Between 1889 and 1984, the port was served by a 610 mm gauge railway line from Tshela. People
ClimateKöppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as tropical wet and dry (Aw). The highest record temperature was {{convert|41|C}} on February 25, 1976, while the lowest record temperature was {{convert|10|C}} on October 21, 1976.[9] {{Weather box|metric first=yes |single line=yes |location=Boma |temperature colour=pastel |Jan record high C=34 |Feb record high C=41 |Mar record high C=39 |Apr record high C=34 |May record high C=39 |Jun record high C=34 |Jul record high C=32 |Aug record high C=33 |Sep record high C=36 |Oct record high C=34 |Nov record high C=34 |Dec record high C=32 |Jan high C=32.6 |Feb high C=33.4 |Mar high C=33.8 |Apr high C=33.6 |May high C=32 |Jun high C=29.5 |Jul high C=26.7 |Aug high C=28 |Sep high C=29.4 |Oct high C=31.6 |Nov high C=32.4 |Dec high C=32.3 |Jan mean C=28.9 |Feb mean C=29.5 |Mar mean C=29.8 |Apr mean C=29.5 |May mean C=28.4 |Jun mean C=26 |Jul mean C=23.5 |Aug mean C=24.8 |Sep mean C=26.2 |Oct mean C=28.4 |Nov mean C=28.8 |Dec mean C=28.7 |Jan low C=25.3 |Feb low C=25.7 |Mar low C=25.8 |Apr low C=25.5 |May low C=24.9 |Jun low C=22.6 |Jul low C=20.3 |Aug low C=21.6 |Sep low C=23.1 |Oct low C=25.2 |Nov low C=25.3 |Dec low C=25.2 |Jan record low C=20 |Feb record low C=19 |Mar record low C=19 |Apr record low C=19 |May record low C=17 |Jun record low C=14 |Jul record low C=12 |Aug record low C=13 |Sep record low C=14 |Oct record low C=10 |Nov record low C=15 |Dec record low C=18 |precipitation colour=green |Jan precipitation mm=83 |Feb precipitation mm=112 |Mar precipitation mm=126 |Apr precipitation mm=173 |May precipitation mm=69 |Jun precipitation mm=1 |Jul precipitation mm=1 |Aug precipitation mm=2 |Sep precipitation mm=8 |Oct precipitation mm=50 |Nov precipitation mm=149 |Dec precipitation mm=92 |source 1= Climate-Data.org (altitude: 10m)[10] |source 2= Voodoo Skies for record temperatures[9] }} GallerySee also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&des=wg&geo=-46&srt=npan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&pt=c&va=&srt=pnan|title=World Gazetteer|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20130217034142/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&des=wg&geo=-46&srt=npan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&pt=c&va=&srt=pnan|archivedate=2013-02-17|df=}} 2. ^ 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&des=wg&geo=-46&srt=npan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&pt=c&va=&srt=pnan|title=World Gazetteer|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20130217034142/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&des=wg&geo=-46&srt=npan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&pt=c&va=&srt=pnan|archivedate=2013-02-17|df=}} 4. ^{{MW 1935|date=August 2008}} 5. ^Stanley, H.M., 1899, Through the Dark Continent, London: G. Newnes, Vol. One {{ISBN|0486256677}}, Vol. Two, p. 359 {{ISBN|0486256685}} 6. ^{{EB1911|inline=1 |wstitle=Boma |volume=4 |page=181}} This references H. M. Stanley, The Congo and the Founding of its Free State (London, 1885). 7. ^Albert S. Gerard, [https://books.google.com/books?id=gt07FgJovZEC&pg=PA164&lpg=PA164&dq=Antoine-Roger+Bolamba&source=bl&ots=Z_7L20rMLH&sig=W6SypZu3w17LQzRuRTPb5ZzBNyg&hl=en&ei=1smgS5OJPJG04Qbe7vGMDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CCQQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Antoine-Roger%20Bolamba&f=false European-language writing in sub-Saharan Africa, Volume 1], p. 164, accessed March 2010 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.coldrunbooks.com/mpongo.html|title=Rumba on the River|publisher=Coldrun Books|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120408110026/http://www.coldrunbooks.com/mpongo.html|archivedate=2012-04-08|df=}} 9. ^1 {{Cite web |url=http://voodooskies.com/weather/zaire/boma |title=Boma, Zaire |publisher=Voodoo Skies |accessdate=2014-02-05 }} 10. ^{{Cite web |url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/605/ |title=Climate: Boma - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table |publisher=Climate-Data.org |accessdate=2014-02-05 }} External links{{Commonscatinline|Boma, Congo-Kinshasa}}
4 : Boma, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Communities on the Congo River|Populated places in Kongo Central|Populated places established in the 16th century |
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