Growth stage | Code | Description | 0: Germination | 00 | Dry seed |
01 | Beginning of seed imbibition |
03 | Seed imbibition complete |
05 | Radicle emerged from seed |
07 | Hypocotyl with cotyledons emerged from seed |
08 | Hypocotyl with cotyledons growing towards soil surface |
09 | Emergence: cotyledons emerge through soil surface |
1: Leaf development1 |
10 | Cotyledons completely unfolded |
11 | First leaf unfolded |
12 | 2 leaves unfolded |
13 | 3 leaves unfolded |
1 . | Stages continuous till . . . |
19 | 9 or more leaves unfolded |
2: Formation of side shoots | 20 | No side shoots |
21 | Beginning of side shoot development: first side shoot detectable |
22 | 2 side shoots detectable |
23 | 3 side shoots detectable |
2 . | Stages continuous till . . . |
29 | End of side shoot development: 9 or more side shoots detectable |
3: Stem elongation2 | 30 | Beginning of stem elongation: no internodes (“rosette”) |
31 | 1 visibly extended internode |
32 | 2 visibly extended internodes |
33 | 3 visibly extended internodes |
3 . | Stages continuous till . . . |
39 | 9 or more visibly extended internodes |
5: Inflorescence emergence | 50 | Flower buds present, still enclosed by leaves |
51 | Flower buds visible from above (“green bud”) |
52 | Flower buds free, level with the youngest leaves |
53 | Flower buds raised above the youngest leaves |
55 | Individual flower buds (main inflorescence) visible but still closed |
57 | Individual flower buds (secondary inflorescences) visible but still closed |
59 | First petals visible, flower buds still closed (“yellow bud”) |
6: Flowering | 60 | First flowers open |
61 | 10% of flowers on main raceme open, main raceme elongating |
62 | 20% of flowers on main raceme open |
63 | 30% of flowers on main raceme open |
64 | 40% of flowers on main raceme open |
65 | Full flowering: 50% flowers on main raceme open, older petals falling |
67 | Flowering declining: majority of petals fallen |
69 | End of flowering |
7: Development of fruit | 71 | 10% of pods have reached final size |
72 | 20% of pods have reached final size |
73 | 30% of pods have reached final size |
74 | 40% of pods have reached final size |
75 | 50% of pods have reached final size |
76 | 60% of pods have reached final size |
77 | 70% of pods have reached final size |
78 | 80% of pods have reached final size |
79 | Nearly all pods have reached final size |
8: Ripening | 80 | Beginning of ripening: seed green, filling pod cavity |
81 | 10% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard |
82 | 20% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard |
83 | 30% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard |
84 | 40% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard |
85 | 50% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard |
86 | 60% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard |
87 | 70% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard |
88 | 80% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard |
89 | Fully ripe: nearly all pods ripe, seeds dark and hard |
9: Senescence | 97 | Plant dead and dry |
99 | Harvested product |
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1 Stem elongation may occur earlier than stage 19; in this case continue with stage 20