| 词条 | Bombinatoridae |
| 释义 |
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Maastrichtian|Recent}} | image = Bombina variegata1.jpg | image_caption = Bombina variegata | taxon = Bombinatoridae | authority = Gray, 1825 | range_map = Bombinatoridae map.PNG | range_map_caption = Distribution of Bombinatoridae (in black) | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision =Barbourula Bombina }} The Bombinatoridae are often referred to as fire-bellied toads because of their brightly colored ventral sides, which show they are highly toxic. This family includes two genera, Barbourula and Bombina, both of which have flattened bodies. Bombina species are warty, aquatic toads about {{convert|7|cm|in|abbr=on}} in length, and most noted for their bright bellies. They often display the unken reflex when disturbed; the animal will arch its back and limbs to expose the bright belly, and may turn over on its back. This acts as a warning to predators.[1] The vocal behavior of some Bombina species are unusual in that the call is produced during inhalation rather than exhalation as in other frogs. They lay pigmented eggs in ponds. Barbourula species occur in the Philippine Islands and Borneo, while Bombina species are found throughout Eurasia. They are slightly less colored than Bombina, and possess webbed fingers in addition to webbed toes. Characteristics of tadpoles of Barbourula are unknown. Barbourula was considered to be situated intermediate between Discoglossus and Bombina, but closer to the latter, so was added to the Bombinatoridae when that family was split from the Discoglossidae. Fossil Bombina specimens are known from the Pliocene to the Pleistocene; no fossils of Barbourula are known. The earliest fossil specimens are Eobarbourula from the Eocene of India, and Hatzegobatrachus from Late Cretaceous of Hateg island, Romania SpeciesFamily Bombinatoridae [2]
References1. ^{{cite book |editor1=Cogger, H.G. |editor2=Zweifel, R.G. |author= Zweifel, Richard G.|year=1998|title=Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians|publisher= Academic Press|location=San Diego|pages= 85–86|isbn= 0-12-178560-2}} 2. ^Bombinatoridae at the American Museum of Natural History's Amphibian Species of the World website
| last = San Mauro | first = Diego | title = Phylogenetic relationships of discoglossid frogs (Amphibia:Anura:Discoglossidae) based on complete mitochondrial genomes and nuclear genes | doi = 10.1016/j.gene.2004.10.001 | journal = Gene | volume = 343 | pages = 357–66 | date=December 2004 |author2=Mario Garcia-Paris |author3=Rafael Zardoya | pmid = 15588590 | issue = 2 }}
| last = San Mauro | first = Diego | title = Initial diversification of living amphibians predated the breakup of Pangaea | journal = American Naturalist | volume = 165 | pages = 590–9 | date=May 2005 |author2=Miguel Vences |author3=Marina Alcobendas |author4=Rafael Zardoya |author5=Axel Meyer | doi = 10.1086/429523 | pmid = 15795855 | issue = 5 |url=https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/3880726/39160_170248y.pdf}}{{Anura}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q55354}} 6 : Bombinatoridae|Frogs by classification|Archaeobatrachia|Extant Pliocene first appearances|Taxa named by John Edward Gray|Amphibian families |
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