| 词条 | Beacon Hill Tunnel (Hong Kong) |
| 释义 |
| name = Beacon Hill Tunnel | image = Beacon hill tunnel.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = South portal of the new Beacon Hill tunnel, as viewed from Kowloon Tong Station | official_name = | other_name = | line = East Rail Line | location = | coordinates = {{coord|22.3395|114.1743|region:HK|display=inline,title|name=Beacon Hill Tunnel (south portal)}} | status = Active | system = MTR | start = Kowloon Tong | end = Tai Wai | stations = | startwork = 1978 | opened = {{Start date|1981}} | closed = | rebuilt = | reopened = | owner = | operator = | traffic = Train | character = | engineer = | construction = 1978 | length = 2.3 km | linelength = | tracklength = | notrack = Double | gauge = {{RailGauge|1435mm}} | el = {{25 kV 50 Hz}} | speed = | hielevation = | lowelevation = | height = 9.0 m | width = 11.1 m | grade = | map = | extra = }} Beacon Hill Tunnel is a railway tunnel in Hong Kong on the original Kowloon-Canton Railway, linking Kowloon Tong to its immediate south and Sha Tin to its north. The nearest stations to the south and north of the tunnel are Kowloon Tong and Tai Wai respectively. Today, the tunnel carries the MTR East Rail Line metro service and through trains to Mainland China. There are actually two tunnels of this name. The first ({{zh|煙墩山隧道}}) opened in 1910 and operated until its replacement ({{zh|links=no|筆架山隧道}}) came into operation following its 1981 completion. History{{Infobox tunnel| name = Old Beacon Hill Tunnel | image = 煙墩山隧道南口完工合照.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = Old Beacon Hill Tunnel in 1910, south portal | official_name = | other_name = | line = | location = | coordinates = | status = Disused for train, now occupied by town gas pipeline | system = Kowloon–Canton Railway | start = Kowloon Tong | end = Tai Wai | stations = | startwork = | opened = {{Start date|1910|10|1|df=yes}} | closed = | rebuilt = | reopened = | owner = | operator = | traffic = | character = | engineer = | construction = | length = 2.2 km | linelength = | tracklength = | notrack = Single | gauge = {{RailGauge|1435mm}} | el = | speed = | hielevation = | lowelevation = | height = 5.8 m above rail level | width = 5.2 m | grade = | map = | extra = }}{{also|Kowloon–Canton Railway Corporation}} A team of surveyors was commissioned to plan the route for the KCR British Section in 1905. Two routes were proposed:
Although option two was less of an engineering challenge, the overall route was longer, and passed through less economically active areas; therefore option one was selected. Works on the {{convert|35.4|km|mi}} railway to the border started early 1906. Construction of the tunnel, referred to as Tunnel No.2 in the plan (since it was the second tunnel out from the Kowloon terminus), was the greatest engineering project in Asia of its time.[1] Construction of the tunnel presented great engineering challenges during construction of the line, and local workers were very reluctant to work underground due to feng shui-related objections.[1] The tunnel cost £298,500 to build and opened with the rest of the line on 1 October 1910, together with four smaller tunnels along the line.[2] It accommodated a single standard track with a standard gauge of {{RailGauge|sg}}. Throughout its operating life, the tunnel was noted for its fume problems, due to its relatively steep gradient of 1%. As part of the modernisation of the KCR, under reformist Governor Murray MacLehose, a double-tracked, electrified tunnel was built 30 to 40 metres west of the original one.[3] Work started in 1978. The main contractor was Aoki Corporation and the tunnel was built at a cost of about HK$78 million. It was broken through on 23 April 1980.[4] The tunnel was completed by 1981, enabling the KCRC to introduce a metro-standard service to serve the rapidly growing new towns north of the mountain range. The original tunnel was closed upon completion of the new one, and is now partially occupied by a 750 mm diameter town gas pipeline.[5] Dimensions{{commons|Category:Beacon Hill Tunnel|Beacon Hill Tunnel}}First tunnel
Second tunnel
References1. ^1 {{cite book|title=One Hundred Years of Railway Operations in Hong Kong|date=2010|publisher=Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation & MTR Corporation Limited|location=Hong Kong|pages=11–12| accessdate = 2015-05-07 | url=http://www.kcrc.com/download/common/about-kcrc/history/KCRC018_Booklet.pdf}} 2. ^{{cite news|title=KCR an important link between HK and China|newspaper=South China Morning Post|location=Hong Kong|date=10 September 1975|page=38}} 3. ^A Century of Railway Development – The Hong Kong Story, Charles C P Lung, Institution of Railway Signal Engineers 4. ^{{cite news|title=Sake flows as tunnels unite|work=South China Morning Post|date=24 April 1980|page=11}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite web | title = Catalogue of Hong Kong Tunnels (Up to 2015) | publisher = Geotechnical Engineering Office, Civil Engineering and Development Department | url = http://www.cedd.gov.hk/eng/publications/geo/doc/hktunnel_cat.pdf | format = PDF |date = March 16, 2009 | accessdate = 2015-05-07 }} Bibliography
5 : 1910 establishments in Hong Kong|1981 establishments in Hong Kong|Railway tunnels in Hong Kong|Tunnels completed in 1910|Tunnels completed in 1981 |
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