| 词条 | Bede BD-4 | ||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Bede BD-4 is an American light aircraft, designed by Jim Bede for homebuilding and available since 1968. It was the first homebuilt aircraft to be offered in kit form.[1] It remains one of the world's most popular homebuilts with thousands of plans sold and hundreds of examples completed to date. Design and developmentBased on his previous work with innovative light aircraft, the BD-1 (eventually developed into the American Aviation AA-1 Yankee) and BD-2, Jim Bede designed the BD-4 to be the first real "kitplane" in the world. The design was based on a high-wing cantilever monoplane of conventional design, able to be fitted either with a tailwheel or a tricycle undercarriage. When building the plane, it was also possible to choose between a two-seat or four-seat version. The intention was to allow people with little or no fabrication experience to start with a set of comprehensive plans and work up to a bolt-together operation in which complex components were provided from the factory. In order to simplify construction, there were few curved surfaces and most of the fuselage was made up of flat aluminum sheeting. The only major components with compound curves were the engine cowling and landing gear spats, which were made of fiberglass. The fuselage was constructed of aluminum angle braces bolted together to form a truss frame.[2] An innovative feature of the BD-4 was the wing structure, which employed a 'panel-rib' constructed in sections, consisting of a rib whose upper edge was extended horizontally to become one section of the wing surface. The wing was progressively built up by sliding these sections together over the tubular spar and fastening them together where they met. One downside to the panel-rib construction was not noticed until the aircraft had been in service for some time. Because the panels were glued together, they formed a liquid-tight bond, unlike conventional systems using rivets. Instead of using a separate tank to hold fuel, builders simply drilled holes in the ribs to interconnect the sections to form a tank. In service, it was found that leaks inevitably developed due to problems like improper seals and natural flexing of the wing.[3] BedeCorp later redesigned the wing to use a more conventional system with separate fuel tanks in the BD-4C.[4] Although the original wing design was easy to build, the more recent BD-4B features a redesigned, more conventional, metal wing with a tubular spar bonded to honeycomb ribs.[5] The aircraft remained available as plans for amateur construction in 2017, from Bedecorp of Medina, Ohio, United States.[6] Bede also wrote a 165-page BD-4 builder's book, "Build Your Own Airplane", giving the amateur builder a good perspective on construction techniques.[7] Variants
Two-seat or four-seat model with {{convert|1250|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} empty weight and {{convert|2400|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} gross weight. Estimated construction time is 900 hours. 700 completed and flown by 2011.[8]
Improved four-seat model with {{convert|1200|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} empty weight and {{convert|2400|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} gross weight. Estimated construction time is 700 hours. Two completed and flown by 2011.[8] Specifications (BD-4B){{Aircraft specs|ref=Kitplanes and The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage[8][9] |prime units?=imp
References1. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20080704110556/http://www.tvap.com/bede_bd4.html The TEAM Aviation BD-4] 2. ^{{cite journal|magazine=Air Progress|date=Winter 1971|title=What kind of airplane should you build?|page=41}} 3. ^{{cite newsletter |first=Roger |last=Mellema |title=Fuel Tanks |publisher=BD-4 Builders/Owners Newsletter |date= March 1986 |url=http://old.bd-4.org/newsletter13.html}} 4. ^{{cite web |title=BD-4C |website=BedeCorp |url=http://www.bedecorp.com/bd-4c.html}} 5. ^Bayerl, Robby; Martin Berkemeier; et al: World Directory of Leisure Aviation 2011-12, page 97. WDLA UK, Lancaster UK, 2011. ISSN 1368-485X 6. ^Tacke, Willi; Marino Boric; et al: World Directory of Light Aviation 2015-16, page 102. Flying Pages Europe SARL, 2015. {{ISSN|1368-485X}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bedecorp.com/store/books |title=Books | Bedecorp, LLC |publisher=Bedecorp.com |date= |accessdate=2012-10-20 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130917072908/http://www.bedecorp.com/store/books |archivedate=2013-09-17 |df= }} 8. ^1 2 Vandermeullen, Richard: 2012 Kit Aircraft Buyer's Guide, Kitplanes, Volume 28, Number 12, December 2011, page 45. Belvoir Publications. ISSN 0891-1851 9. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.ae.illinois.edu/m-selig/ads/aircraft.html|title = The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |accessdate = 15 October 2014|last = Lednicer |first = David |year = 2010}} Literature, Weblinks
External links{{commons category|Bede BD-4}}
6 : Bede aircraft|United States civil utility aircraft 1960–1969|Single-engined tractor aircraft|High-wing aircraft|Homebuilt aircraft|Aircraft first flown in 1968 |
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