| 词条 | Beechcraft Queen Air | ||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Beechcraft Queen Air is a twin-engined light aircraft produced by Beechcraft in several versions from 1960 to 1978. Based upon the Twin Bonanza, with which it shared key components such as wings, engines, and tail surfaces, but featuring a larger fuselage, it served as the basis for the highly successful King Air series of turboprop aircraft. It is often used as a private aircraft, a utility, or a small commuter airliner. Production ran for 17 years. Design and developmentThe company's Twin Bonanza was reaching the limits of development so Beechcraft decided to develop a design with a larger fuselage and new tail which it designated the Beech 65. Early in development the United States Army which had been a customer of the Twin Bonanza (which it called the L-23 Seminole), order 68 aircraft under the designation L-23F. The prototype Beech 65 first flew on August 28, 1958. The Queen Air is a twin-engined nine-seat low-wing cantilever cabin monoplane with a retractable landing gear with a nose wheel. It was initially powered by two {{convert|340|hp|abbr=on}} Lycoming IGSO-480 six-cylinder, horizontally opposed piston engine. The Model 65 received a Federal Aviation Authority type certificate on February 4, 1959 and the first deliveries were made soon after. On February 8, 1960 a Queen Air achieved a new height record of 34,862 feet. The basic Model 65 was in production until 1967 when the improved Model A65 with a swept rather than vertical tail was introduced. Production continued with further variants introducing pressurisation and turboprop engines. Variants65This is the Queen Air powered by two Lycoming IGSO-480s producing {{convert|340|hp|abbr=on}} with a 1400-hour TBO. It had a gross weight of {{convert|7700|lb|abbr=on}} with useful loads around {{convert|2000|lb|abbr=on}}. It is easily recognized by its straight unswept tail. Usually referred to as a "straight 65". Produced from 1960 to 1966. A65First produced in 1967 the A65 is very similar to the straight 65. The major change was the addition of a swept tail giving the aircraft a much more modern appearance. Available fuel was also increased to 264 gal with the extended wing. The Lyc. IGSO480 engines produced 340 HP @ 3400 rpm with 48 inches of manifold pressure. The gross weight was also increased to 8200 lbs (A65-8200). A few models were produced with a cargo door, next to the airstair door with provided a 48-inch opening. Production ended in 1971. This aircraft was used in Canada by Perimeter Airlines from 1968 to 1998. 70Introduced in 1968. This aircraft is similar to the A65 in that it is powered by the {{convert|340|hp|abbr=on}} Lycoming IGSO-480, however it has the longer wing of the 80 series. This allows the 70 to have a greater lifting ability than the 65 but a lower fuel burn than the 80. It is, essentially, an A65 with the B80 wing. Its gross weight is {{convert|8200|lb|abbr=on}} and useful loads can be as high as {{convert|2400|lb|abbr=on}}. Production ended in 1971. 80First flying on June 22, 1961 and certified on February 20, 1962,[2] the Queen Air 80 was the first of the Queen Airs to have the more modern swept tail. It was powered by a larger Lycoming IGSO-540 which produced {{convert|380|hp|abbr=on}}. Gross weight on the 80 is {{convert|8000|lb|abbr=on}}. A80The Queen Air A80 was introduced in 1964, and had a new wing, wingspan increasing from {{convert|45|ft|10+1/2|in|m|2}} to {{convert|50|ft|3|in|m}}.[2] Other major changes to the A80 included a redesign of the aircraft nose, and a 500-pound increase in takeoff weight to {{convert|8500|lb|abbr=on}} gross weight. B80Introduced in 1966 the B80 was to be the final production model. The B80 was by far the longest produced Queen Air with production lasting some 12 years. Its major improvement was the increased gross weight to a {{convert|8800|lb|abbr=on}}. This gave the B80 a useful load of well over {{convert|3000|lb|abbr=on}}. Production ended in 1978. 88Introduced in 1965 the model 88 is a pressurized version of the Queen Air. This aircraft featured round cabin windows that make the 88 look quite similar to a 90 series King Air. It also shares the engines and long wing of the B80. Sales were slack due to its higher sales price and lower useful load as compared to the B80. Only 47 examples were ever produced of which two were converted to King Air standard and the model 88 aircraft was removed from production in 1969. The first two models of the King Air's official designation were BE65-90 and BE65-A90 owing to its Queen Air heritage. ExcaliburThis is a modification performed in the aftermarket by supplemental type certificates (STCs) to the BE65. It resolves the biggest issue of the Queen Air design, the engines. This is accomplished by replacing the rather cantankerous (if operated incorrectly) six-cylinder Lycoming IGSO-480s and Lycoming IGSO-540s, with the far more robust eight-cylinder Lycoming IO-720. This presents the major advantage of not having a gearbox or superchargers to cause maintenance and reliability problems. However the loss of the supercharger does limit the cruising altitude to below fifteen thousand feet. The other advantages gained are the overall increase in power to {{convert|400|hp|abbr=on}} per engine as well as a gross weight increase in most models. The gross weights are increased to {{convert|8000|lb|abbr=on}} in all the short-wing aircraft (65, A65, 80), {{convert|8200|lb|abbr=on}} in the 70, and 8800 in the other long-wing aircraft (A80, B80, 88). The US Army National Guard installed this modification on some of their aircraft. The Excalibur Queen Air can be recognized by the noticeably smaller engine cowlings and lower-set engines. This STC was originally designed and produced by Ed Swearingen who was well known for his work on the Twin Bonanza, Queen Air, and later Swearingen aircraft (Merlin and Metro). The ownership of this STC has changed hands many times over the years. The current owner is Bemidji Aviation which operates a fleet of Excalibur Queen Airs as well as other aircraft in the charter and freight role in the upper mid-west of the United States. Production number detailsThis list provides a detailed account of production by Beechcraft of individual variants. Production numbers per year can be found in the Hawker Beechcraft serialization list.[3][4]
Military operators{{acopmap|Beechcraft Queen Air|Military Queen Air operators}}
Algerian Air Force - 3 B80s in service as of 1986.[5]
Argentine Army Aviation[6] Argentine Naval Aviation - 5 B80s as of 1986.[7]
Colombian Air Force[8]
Air Force of the Dominican Republic[9]
Ecuadorian Army[10]
Border Security Force[11]
Israeli Air Force
Armed Forces of Haiti
Japan Air Self-Defense Force Central Air Command Support Squadron Japan Maritime Self Defense Force[12]
Philippine Army
South African Air Force 1975-1992
Royal Thai Air Force[15]
United States Army[16]
Uruguayan Air Force[17]
Venezuelan Air Force Venezuelan Army[18] Venezuelan National Guard[19] Specifications (Queen Air B80){{aircraft specifications|jet or prop?=prop |plane or copter?=plane |ref= Janes's All The World's Aircraft 1976-77.[20] |crew=one-two |capacity=nine passengers |length main=35 ft 6 in |length alt=10.82 m |span main=50 ft 3 in |span alt=15.32 m |height main=14 ft 2½ in |height alt=4.33 m |area main=293.9 ft² |area alt=27.3 m² |empty weight main=5,277 lb |empty weight alt=2,393 kg |loaded weight main= |loaded weight alt= |useful load main= |useful load alt= |max takeoff weight main=8,800 lb |max takeoff weight alt=3,992 kg |engine (prop)=Lycoming IGSO-540 A1D |type of prop=supercharged, air-cooled flat-6 |number of props=2 |power main=380 hp |power alt=285 kW |max speed main=215 knots |max speed alt=400 km/h, 248 mph |max speed more=at 11,500 ft (3,500 m) |cruise speed main=159 knots |cruise speed alt=294 km/h, 183 mph |cruise speed more=Econ cruise, 45% power at 15,000 ft (4,570 m) |range main=1,317 nmi |range alt=2,441 km, 1,517 mi |range more=45% power at 15,000 ft (4,570 m), 45 min reserves |ceiling main=26,800 ft |ceiling alt=8,170 m |climb rate main=1,275 ft/min |climb rate alt=6.5 m/s |loading main= |loading alt= |power/mass main= |power/mass alt= }} See also{{aircontent|related=
|similar aircraft=
|see also= }} References{{commons category|Beechcraft Queen Air}}Notes1. ^{{cite journal|magazine=Flying Magazine|date=November 2012|page=23}} 2. ^1 Taylor 1971, p. 234. 3. ^1 General Aviation Manufactures Association {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114225746/http://www.gama.aero/mediaCenter/mediaGuide/aircraft.php |date=November 14, 2007 }} 4. ^Hawker Beechcraft Commercial Genealogy Serialization 1945-2007, p.32-36. June 2007. 5. ^Hatch Flight International 29 November 1986, p. 32. 6. ^"Back to 1987: Don Torcuato’s 40th anniversary air show" - Gaceta Aeronautica 28 October 2013 (accessed April 16, 2016) 7. ^Hatch Flight International 29 November 1986, p. 34. 8. ^Hatch Flight International 29 November 1986, p. 46. 9. ^Hatch Flight International 29 November 1986, p. 49. 10. ^Hatch Flight International 29 November 1986, p. 50. 11. ^Indian Border Security Force official website 12. ^Taylor 1971, p. 233. 13. ^Air International May 1988, pp. 231–232. 14. ^Hatch Flight International 29 November 1986, p. 78. 15. ^Hatch Flight International 29 November 1986, p. 92. 16. ^Harding 1990, pp. 14–15. 17. ^Hatch Flight International 29 November 1986, p. 102. 18. ^Hatch Air Pictorial April 1984, p. 127. 19. ^Hatch Flight International 29 November 1986, p. 103. 20. ^Taylor 1976, pp. 217–218. Bibliography
5 : United States civil utility aircraft 1950–1959|Beechcraft aircraft|Low-wing aircraft|Aircraft first flown in 1958|Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft |
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