| 词条 | Beer in Finland | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
Finland has a long history of beer dating back to the Middle Ages. The oldest still-existing commercial brewery in Finland and Nordic countries is Sinebrychoff, founded in 1819. "Suomalaisen oluen päivä", or the Finnish Beer Day is celebrated on 13 October to commemorate the founding of Oy Sinebrychoff Ab and the birth of Finnish beer. The largest Finnish brewers are Hartwall, Olvi and Sinebrychoff. Most of the beers brewed in Finland are pale lagers. Finland's standing is 9th in per capita consumption of beer. Finnish people consume a total of 440 ML of beer annually and the trend is increasing by 11.7 633 mL bottles year-on-year per capita. Sahti{{main|Sahti}}Sahti is a traditional Finnish farmhouse ale, made mostly with rye and barley malts, but sometimes also oats, and filtered through straw or juniper twigs. The modern version has a distinct banana flavor from the bread yeast used to ferment it. It was often praised in the writings of the beer connoisseur Michael Jackson. Although less common today, it is still served at weddings and other special occasions. There are also a few commercial producers. Finnish beer tax-classesBeer was classified into tax classes by law in Finland until the year 1995 when Finland joined the European Union. After joining EU the law was reformed so that the tax is set directly by the percentage of alcohol by volume contained in the product: with 0.5-2.8% beers €0.02/cl of alcohol, with beers over 2.8% €0.0214/cl.[1] However, the old classifications are still voluntarily used widely and the old tax classes are still often marked on the products and advertisements.
Beer with an alcohol content of 4.8% or higher (IVA or IVB beer) may only be sold in state-owned Alko liquor stores or bars and restaurants with the appropriate ("A" rather than "C") license. It is also sold in tax free shops on Baltic Sea cruiseferries. Because of tax regulations, the tax free shops may only be open when the ships are either on international waters or visiting Åland (which has special exempt status in the EU). Finnish beer marketFinland's beer market has been described as international rather than local.[2] The market leader is Denmark's Carlsberg Group, owner of the Finnish brewery Sinebrychoff, with a market share of 46.9%.[2] Its beer brands include Koff and Karhu. Carlsberg is followed by Heineken International, which controls - through its Hartwall brewery - a 29.5% share of the national market and produces the Lapin Kulta and Karjala brands.[3] Olvi is the largest Finnish-owned brewery, holding approximately a further 20% of the Finnish market.[4] The rest of the Finnish breweries are smallish regionals or microbreweries, all founded post-1985.{{cn|date=August 2017}} {{As of|2017}}, there are 85 microbreweries in the country.[5] Craft breweries are allowed to sell their products directly to consumers.[6] Prohibition{{main|Prohibition in Finland}}Prohibition started in Finland on 1 June 1919 and lasted nearly 13 years, during which the production, import, sales, transportation and storage of alcohol products was only allowed for medicinal, scientific, and technical purposes. A referendum on the continuation of prohibition was held starting on the 29th and closing on 30 December 1931. The referendum closed with a 70% majority against the law and resulted in the end of prohibition on 5 April 1932 at 10:00 when the new state-owned alcohol retail stores opened their doors to customers. Finnish breweries
Finnish brewery restaurants
Most important Finnish beers
Annual Finnish beer events
See also{{portal|Beer|Finland}}
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.viisitahtea.fi/content/view/2724/149/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090531112858/http://www.viisitahtea.fi/content/view/2724/149/|dead-url=yes|archive-date=31 May 2009|title=Viisi Tähteä - Oluiden luokittelu ja oluttyypit|date=31 May 2009|accessdate=28 December 2017}} {{Beers of the world}}2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.carlsberggroup.com/Investor/DownloadCentre/Documents/Annual%20Report/AnnualReport2008_UK.pdf|format=PDF|title=Carlsberg Group Annual Report 2008|website=Carlsberggroup.com|accessdate=28 December 2017}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.annualreport.heineken.com/downloads/Heineken_Annual_Report_08.pdf |title=Latest Reports |publisher=Annualreport.heineken.com |date= |accessdate=2016-01-30}} 4. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.olvi.fi/c/document_library/get_file?folderId=13731&name=DLFE-3601.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=3 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110322180813/http://www.olvi.fi/c/document_library/get_file?folderId=13731&name=DLFE-3601.pdf |archive-date=22 March 2011 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }} 5. ^{{Cite web | title = Pienpanimoita on 85, kaksi tekee valtaosan tuloksesta – Sangen paljastaa joukkorahoituksen ongelmat | last =Kankare | first = Matti | work = Talouselämä | date = 18 August 2017 | accessdate = 2017-08-20 | url = http://www.talouselama.fi/uutiset/pienpanimoita-on-85-kaksi-tekee-valtaosan-tuloksesta-sangen-paljastaa-joukkorahoituksen-ongelmat-6669786}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=https://yle.fi/uutiset/osasto/news/fridays_papers_labour_settlement_alcohol_sales_women_earn_most_doctorates/10067165 |title=Friday's papers: Labour settlement, alcohol sales, women earn most doctorates |publisher=Yle News |date=9 February 2018 |access-date=6 May 2018}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.honkavuori.fi/|title=Panimo Honkavuori|website=Honkavuori.fi|accessdate=28 December 2017}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rekolanpanimo.fi/in-english/|title=IN ENGLISH - Rekolan Panimo|website=Rekolanpanimo.fi|accessdate=28 December 2017}} 2 : Beer in Finland|Finnish cuisine |
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