| 词条 | Belmont Tunnel/Toluca Substation and Yard |
| 释义 |
| name = Belmont Tunnel / Toluca Substation and Yard | image=Belmont Tunnel portal, July 2017.JPG | image_size = 300px | caption = The remaining tunnel portal in 2017 | designation1 = LAHCM | designation1_number = 790 | designation1_date = February 23, 2005 | coordinates = {{coord|34|3|36.56|N|118|15|32.8|W|display=inline,title}} }} The Belmont Tunnel (or Hollywood Subway) / Toluca Substation and Yard is a designated historic monument located within the city limits of Los Angeles, remnants of the former Pacific Electric Railway's line that ran between the Subway Terminal Building in Downtown Los Angeles and the residential district of Westlake. The monument occupies a property roughly {{convert|1|mi|km|spell=in}} west of downtown. LocationThe monument is adjacent to 299 South Toluca Street, in Westlake. It is bounded by 2nd Street and the Beverly Boulevard viaduct to the north, Lucas Avenue to the west, Emerald Street to the south, and Toluca Street to the east. History1920s – 1950sAlthough the monument is regarded by many Angelenos as another example of urban decay, it has a rich history dating back to the early 1920s. Responding to the traffic congestion that clogged the streets of downtown, the California Railroad Commission in 1922 issued Order 9928, which commissioned the Pacific Electric company to construct a subway to bypass downtown's busy streets.[1] Plans for the proposed "Hollywood Subway" were drafted as early as February 1924, and ground was broken in May of the same year.[1] After 18 months of construction and $1.25 million in expenditures, the subway officially opened to the public on December 1, 1925.[1] Traveling a distance of slightly over one mile, the subway connected the intersection of Beverly and Glendale Blvds in Westlake with the Subway Terminal Building at the corner of Fourth and Hill Streets in downtown. The subway cars were powered by a new substation - Toluca No. 51 - which was constructed in the yard adjacent to the tunnel portal. The subway proved to be a successful operation and quickly emerged as one of Los Angeles' most popular means of transit. As a faster and more convenient alternative to the streetcar or the automobile, it transported thousands of commuting Angelenos each day through the 1920s and 1930s. Ridership hit its peak during the Second World War; in 1944 - considered to have been the peak of the subway's operation - an estimated 65,000 passengers traversed the Belmont Tunnel on a daily basis.[2] The construction of an extensive freeway system throughout Southern California ultimately led to the closure of the subway in the 1950s. As Angelenos became increasingly reliant on the personal automobile, ridership plummeted and forced the struggling Pacific Electric company to abandon their operation in 1955. The last subway car to carry passengers - carrying a banner reading "To Oblivion" - traversed the subway on the morning of June 19, 1955.[2] Shortly thereafter, Pacific Electric removed the tracks from the subway, closed the Subway Terminal Building and Toluca Substation, and left the site abandoned. 1960s – presentFew changes have been made to the subway, substation and yard since closure, as the site of the former railway has long escaped the attention of city officials. In the 1960s, the city briefly attempted to make use of the subway for the storage of impounded automobiles, and later as a makeshift disaster shelter.[1] The only physical alteration to the site came about in 1967, when a portion between Flower and Figueroa Streets in downtown was filled in to accommodate the foundation of the Bonaventure Hotel. Over the next 35 years, the site was left largely neglected and its historical significance was overshadowed by its gritty, run-down appearance. The abandoned subway, substation and yard, left intact and open to public view, attracted many graffiti artists.[1] The site also appealed to the homeless, who took refuge in the shelter provided by the subway and substation. There were also several underground "rave" parties in the 1990s, often with the power being supplied from one of the neighboring residential dwellings. To locals and passers-by, the site - simply referred to as "The Tunnel" - has long blended into the landscape and is regarded as little more than another vacant lot. Current useIn 2002, West Los Angeles-based Meta Housing Corporation purchased the property and announced plans to construct a 276-unit apartment complex on the former Toluca yard. Belmont Station Apartments was completed in late 2008. The entrance to the subway has been sealed and painted with a mural of a Red Car, which glows in the dark, by artist Tait Roelofs.[3] The substation remains next to the subway entrance at the back of the property, behind the new construction, and has been cleaned of the graffiti that adorned it for many decades. Media locationThe tunnel and the substation have been used in a large number of TV shows and movies and other creative genres:
See also
References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |url=http://www.erha.org/pewhs.htm |title=Pacific Electric Hollywood Subway |website=Electric Railway Historical Association of Southern California |date= |author=}} 2. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.erha.org/pewst.htm |title=Pacific Electric Subway Terminal |website=Electric Railway Historical Association of Southern California |date= |author=}} 3. ^{{cite news |first=Steve |last=Harvey |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2009/feb/08/local/me-then8 |title=The colorful saga of Los Angeles' first subway tunnel |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=February 8, 2009}} External links
9 : Pacific Electric Railway|History of Los Angeles|Railroad tunnels in California|Railway lines closed in 1955|Tunnels in Los Angeles|Tunnels completed in 1925|Westlake, Los Angeles|1925 establishments in California|1955 disestablishments in California |
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